diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapter.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapter.kt
index 217a8e96..95b570f3 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapter.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapter.kt
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ class KakaoDistanceAdapter(
     fun parseDistance(body: String): Long {
         val route = objectMapper.readTree(body).path("routes").path(0)
         val resultCode = route.path("result_code").asInt(-1)
+        // 출발지와 도착지가 가까워 경로가 없는 경우 정상 거리 0m로 처리한다.
+        if (resultCode == 104) return 0L
         if (resultCode != 0) {
             unavailable("DIRECTIONS", "ROUTE_RESULT", resultCode = resultCode)
         }
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/LocalExportDocumentAdapter.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/LocalExportDocumentAdapter.kt
index 0f637437..c233de7b 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/LocalExportDocumentAdapter.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/LocalExportDocumentAdapter.kt
@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.exception.AdminDomainException
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.AdmissionTicketPort
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPort
+import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.EssayPdfMergePort
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.domain.document.exception.ApplicantNotFoundException
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.domain.document.port.`in`.ApplicantFileUseCase
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.application.application.exception.EvaluationValidationException
+import java.io.OutputStream
+import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader
+import org.apache.pdfbox.multipdf.PDFMergerUtility
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 
@@ -31,6 +36,23 @@ class LocalApplicationEssayAdapter(private val documents: ApplicantFileUseCase)
     }
 }
 
+@Component
+@ConditionalOnProperty(name = ["application.administration.enabled"], havingValue = "true")
+class PdfBoxEssayMergeAdapter : EssayPdfMergePort {
+    // 원본을 닫아도 글꼴과 리소스가 유지되도록 두 문서 전체를 복사한다.
+    override fun writeTo(documents: List<ApplicationEssayPdfs>, output: OutputStream) {
+        PDDocument().use { merged ->
+            val merger = PDFMergerUtility()
+            documents.forEach { pdfs ->
+                listOfNotNull(pdfs.introduction, pdfs.studyPlan).forEach { pdf ->
+                    Loader.loadPDF(pdf).use { source -> merger.appendDocument(merged, source) }
+                }
+            }
+            merged.save(output)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 private fun renderFailure(error: Exception, fallback: ErrorCode, targets: List<Long>): AdminDomainException {
     val causes = generateSequence<Throwable>(error) { it.cause }.toList()
     val code = when {
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapterTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapterTest.kt
index 2b8501bc..5f8e1762 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapterTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/distance/KakaoDistanceAdapterTest.kt
@@ -75,11 +75,22 @@ class KakaoDistanceAdapterTest {
     @Test
     fun routeFailureRecordsOnlyNumericCode() = withServer(
         failedRequest = 2,
-        body = """{"routes":[{"result_code":104,"result_msg":"$PRIVATE_BODY"}]}""",
+        body = """{"routes":[{"result_code":105,"result_msg":"$PRIVATE_BODY"}]}""",
     ) { base, _ ->
         capture { logs ->
             assertUnavailable { adapter(base).distanceFromSchool(ADDRESS) }
-            assertDiagnostic(logs, "DIRECTIONS", "ROUTE_RESULT", "resultCode=104")
+            assertDiagnostic(logs, "DIRECTIONS", "ROUTE_RESULT", "resultCode=105")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun sameOriginAndDestinationReturnsZeroWithoutDistanceSummary() = withServer(
+        failedRequest = 2,
+        body = """{"routes":[{"result_code":104,"result_msg":"$PRIVATE_BODY"}]}""",
+    ) { base, _ ->
+        capture { logs ->
+            assertEquals(0L, adapter(base).distanceFromSchool(ADDRESS))
+            assertTrue(logs.list.isEmpty())
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/ApplicationFormPdfTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/ApplicationFormPdfTest.kt
index 7b8e0004..9adac78b 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/ApplicationFormPdfTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-adapter-out/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/adapterout/document/ApplicationFormPdfTest.kt
@@ -35,6 +35,78 @@ import kotlin.math.roundToInt
  */
 class ApplicationFormPdfTest {
 
+    @Test
+    fun `번호 없는 합격자 자기소개서와 학업계획서를 실제 PDF로 모두 내려받는다`() {
+        val form = form().copy(examineeNumber = null)
+        val applicantPort = object : hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.domain.document.port.out.ApplicantPort {
+            override fun findById(applicantId: Long) = Applicant(form.userId, form.name, null, null, null, null)
+            override fun findApplicationForm(accountId: Long) = form
+            override fun isFinalPassed(accountId: Long) = false
+        }
+        val service = hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.application.FileDocumentService(
+            unused(hs.kr.entrydsm.configuration.domain.document.port.out.StoragePort::class.java),
+            unused(hs.kr.entrydsm.configuration.domain.document.port.out.FileDocumentRepository::class.java),
+            300, applicantPort,
+            unused(hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.domain.document.port.out.PdfRenderPort::class.java),
+            adapter,
+            unused(hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.domain.document.port.out.AdmissionTicketSheetPort::class.java),
+            2027,
+        )
+        val repository = java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(javaClass.classLoader,
+            arrayOf(hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicantRepository::class.java)) { _, method, args ->
+            assertEquals("findAll", method.name)
+            assertEquals(setOf(hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.enum.ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                (args[0] as hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.model.ApplicantFilter).statuses)
+            listOf(hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.model.Applicant(id = form.applicantId,
+                status = hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.enum.ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS))
+        } as hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicantRepository
+        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream()
+        assertEquals(1, hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.application.EssayPdfService(
+            repository, LocalApplicationEssayAdapter(service), PdfBoxEssayMergeAdapter()).writeTo(output))
+        val bytes = output.toByteArray()
+        System.getenv("TEST_UNDECLARED_OUTPUTS_DIR")?.let { File(it, "unissued-essays.pdf").writeBytes(bytes) }
+        Loader.loadPDF(bytes).use { document ->
+            assertEquals(2, document.numberOfPages)
+            val introduction = pageText(bytes, 1)
+            val plan = pageText(bytes, 2)
+            assertTrue(introduction, introduction.contains("저는 어려서부터"))
+            assertFalse(introduction.contains("입학 후에는"))
+            assertTrue(plan, plan.contains("입학 후에는"))
+            assertFalse(plan.contains("저는 어려서부터"))
+            assertFalse(PDFTextStripper().getText(document).contains("미발급"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `PDF 병합은 두 문서와 단독 학업계획서를 포함하고 빈 목록도 처리한다`() {
+        fun pdf(pages: Int) = PDDocument().use { document ->
+            repeat(pages) { document.addPage(PDPage()) }
+            ByteArrayOutputStream().also { document.save(it) }.toByteArray()
+        }
+        val merger = PdfBoxEssayMergeAdapter()
+        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream()
+        merger.writeTo(listOf(
+            hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs(pdf(1), pdf(2)),
+            hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, pdf(4)),
+            hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, null),
+        ), output)
+        Loader.loadPDF(output.toByteArray()).use { assertEquals(7, it.numberOfPages) }
+        val empty = ByteArrayOutputStream()
+        merger.writeTo(emptyList(), empty)
+        Loader.loadPDF(empty.toByteArray()).use { assertEquals(0, it.numberOfPages) }
+        org.junit.Assert.assertThrows(Exception::class.java) {
+            merger.writeTo(listOf(hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs("broken pdf".toByteArray(), null)),
+                ByteArrayOutputStream())
+        }
+        org.junit.Assert.assertThrows(IllegalStateException::class.java) {
+            merger.writeTo(listOf(hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs(pdf(1), null)),
+                object : java.io.OutputStream() { override fun write(value: Int) { error("storage failed") } })
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun <T> unused(type: Class<T>): T = type.cast(java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(
+        javaClass.classLoader, arrayOf(type)) { _, method, _ -> error("Unexpected ${method.name}") })
+
     /** 요강의 인터넷접수 후 출력 서식 수 — 입학원서·개인정보 동의·자기소개서·추천서·금연 동의·흡연검사 동의 */
     private val FORM_COUNT = 6
 
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/deps.bzl b/systems/application/application-administration-application/deps.bzl
index 72200532..8cededd6 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/deps.bzl
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/deps.bzl
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ KOTLIN_DEPS = [
     "//systems/configuration/configuration-domain:main",
     "@maven//:org_springframework_boot_spring_boot_starter",
     "@maven//:org_springframework_spring_tx",
-    "@maven//:org_apache_pdfbox_pdfbox",
     "//systems/admin/admin-domain:main",
 ]
 
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipService.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipService.kt
index b5de29db..30d35f0f 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipService.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipService.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package hs.kr.entrydsm.application.administration.application
 
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.enum.ApplicantStatus
+import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.model.Applicant
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.model.ApplicantFilter
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.`in`.DownloadEssaysUseCase
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicantRepository
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPort
+import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.EssayPdfMergePort
 import java.io.OutputStream
-import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
 
 @org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty(name = ["application.administration.enabled"], havingValue = "true")
@@ -15,23 +15,15 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
 class EssayPdfService(
     private val applicantRepository: ApplicantRepository,
     private val applicationEssayPort: ApplicationEssayPort,
+    private val essayPdfMergePort: EssayPdfMergePort,
 ) : DownloadEssaysUseCase {
+    // 실제 1차 합격자의 두 서류를 수험번호 발급 여부와 무관하게 합친다.
     override fun writeTo(output: OutputStream): Int {
         val targets = applicantRepository.findAll(ApplicantFilter(statuses = setOf(ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS)))
-            .map { applicant ->
-                applicant.id to checkNotNull(applicant.examineeNumber) {
-                    "1차 합격자의 수험 번호가 없습니다: ${applicant.id}"
-                }
-            }
+            .sortedWith(compareBy<Applicant> { it.examineeNumber.isNullOrBlank() }.thenBy { it.id })
+            .map { applicant -> applicant.id to applicant.examineeNumber?.takeIf(String::isNotBlank).orEmpty() }
         val documents = applicationEssayPort.renderBatch(targets)
-        PDDocument().use { merged ->
-            documents.forEach { pdfs ->
-                (pdfs.introduction ?: pdfs.studyPlan)?.let { pdf ->
-                    Loader.loadPDF(pdf).use { source -> source.pages.forEach(merged::importPage) }
-                }
-            }
-            merged.save(output)
-        }
+        essayPdfMergePort.writeTo(documents, output)
         return targets.size
     }
 }
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/ExportJobProcessor.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/ExportJobProcessor.kt
index 8168211f..35d2e771 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/ExportJobProcessor.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/ExportJobProcessor.kt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ private const val FIRST_PASS_LIST_SHEET = "1차 합격자 명단"
 private const val ADMISSION_FILE_SHEET = "전형 자료"
 
 private val FIRST_PASS_COLUMNS: List<Pair<String, (Applicant) -> Any?>> = listOf(
-    "수험번호" to { it.examineeNumber },
+    "수험번호" to { it.examineeNumber?.takeIf(String::isNotBlank).orEmpty() },
     "접수번호" to { it.receiptNumber },
     "성명" to { it.name },
 )
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ class ExportJobProcessor(
             when (job.type) {
                 ExportType.FIRST_PASS -> {
                     val applicants = applicantRepository.findFirstPassApplicants()
+                        .sortedWith(compareBy<Applicant> { it.examineeNumber.isNullOrBlank() }.thenBy { it.id })
                     current = exportJobRepository.save(current.withTotal(applicants.size))
                     writeFirstPassList(current, applicants) {
                         current = exportJobRepository.save(current.processed(applicants.size))
@@ -226,7 +227,8 @@ class ExportJobProcessor(
 
         val tickets = applicants
             // 수험 번호가 없는 1차 합격자(강제 변경)는 뒤로 간다. 같은 자리끼리는 접수 번호 순 그대로다.
-            .sortedWith(compareBy(nullsLast<String>()) { it.examineeNumber })
+            .sortedWith(compareBy<Applicant> { it.examineeNumber.isNullOrBlank() }
+                .thenBy { it.examineeNumber?.takeIf(String::isNotBlank) }.thenBy { it.id })
             .map { it.id to it.examineeNumber }
 
         storagePort.upload(objectKey, XLSX_CONTENT_TYPE, admissionTicketPort.render(tickets))
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentService.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentService.kt
index 379d91bf..5a44a88e 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentService.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentService.kt
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ class FileDocumentService(
             val applicant = ticketStage("applicant_lookup", applicantId) {
                 applicantPort.findById(applicantId) ?: throw ApplicantNotFoundException(applicantId)
             }
-            ticket(applicantId, applicant, examineeNumber)
+            // 관리자 일괄 다운로드는 미발급 수험번호 칸을 비워 둔다.
+            ticket(applicantId, applicant, examineeNumber?.takeIf(String::isNotBlank).orEmpty())
         }
         return ticketStage("sheet_render", null) { admissionTicketSheetPort.render(prepared) }
     }
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdminApplicationModuleTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdminApplicationModuleTest.kt
index f285772a..4527e665 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdminApplicationModuleTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdminApplicationModuleTest.kt
@@ -289,6 +289,36 @@ class AdminApplicationModuleTest {
         assertEquals(listOf("11001", "0001", "홍길동"), fixture.rows.single())
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun exportsFirstPassWithBlankUnissuedNumbersAfterIssuedApplicants() {
+        for (issued in listOf(false, true)) {
+            val fixture = exportFixture(applicants = listOf(
+                Applicant(id = 8L, examineeNumber = null, name = "여덟", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 3L, examineeNumber = if (issued) "11002" else "", name = "셋", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 6L, examineeNumber = " ", name = "여섯", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 7L, examineeNumber = "\t", name = "일곱", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 2L, examineeNumber = if (issued) "11003" else null, name = "둘", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+            ))
+            fixture.processor.processNow(fixture.job)
+            assertEquals(listOf("0002", "0003", "0006", "0007", "0008"), fixture.rows.map { it[1] })
+            assertEquals(if (issued) listOf("11003", "11002", "", "", "") else listOf("", "", "", "", ""),
+                fixture.rows.map { it[0] })
+            assertEquals(ExportStatus.COMPLETED, fixture.saved.last().status)
+            assertEquals(5, fixture.saved.last().processedCount)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun essayGenerationAndStorageFailuresRemainFailed() {
+        val generation = exportFixture(type = ExportType.ESSAYS, essayWriter = { error("pdf failed") })
+        generation.processor.processNow(generation.job)
+        assertEquals(ExportStatus.FAILED, generation.saved.last().status)
+        val storage = exportFixture(type = ExportType.ESSAYS, failUpload = true,
+            essayWriter = { output -> output.write("pdf".toByteArray()); 1 })
+        storage.processor.processNow(storage.job)
+        assertEquals(ExportStatus.FAILED, storage.saved.last().status)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun preservesProcessedCountWhenFirstPassUploadFails() {
         val fixture = exportFixture(applicants = listOf(Applicant(id = 1L)), failUpload = true)
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdmissionTicketExportTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdmissionTicketExportTest.kt
index 07f6dd76..b74d123c 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdmissionTicketExportTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/AdmissionTicketExportTest.kt
@@ -68,22 +68,35 @@ class AdmissionTicketExportTest {
         applicants.all += applicant(1, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, "100002")
         applicants.all += applicant(2, ApplicantStatus.PENDING, "100003")
         applicants.all += applicant(3, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, "100001")
-        // 강제 변경으로 수험 번호 없이 1차 합격이 된 지원자는 맨 뒤에 미발급으로 찍힌다.
+        // 번호 없는 합격자도 뒤에 접수번호 순으로 포함한다.
+        applicants.all += applicant(8, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, examineeNumber = null)
         applicants.all += applicant(4, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, examineeNumber = null)
         val tickets = RecordingAdmissionTicketPort()
 
         processor(tickets).processNow(ticketJob())
 
-        assertEquals(listOf(listOf(3L to "100001", 1L to "100002", 4L to null)), tickets.requested)
+        assertEquals(listOf(listOf(3L to "100001", 1L to "100002", 4L to null, 8L to null)), tickets.requested)
         val upload = storage.uploads.single()
         assertEquals("dsm_Entry/backend/stag/admission-ticket/admission_tickets_exp_1.xlsx", upload.first)
         assertEquals("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", upload.second)
-        assertEquals("tickets-3|1|4", upload.third)
+        assertEquals("tickets-3|1|4|8", upload.third)
         val finished = jobs.saved.last()
         assertEquals(ExportStatus.COMPLETED, finished.status)
         assertEquals(upload.first, finished.objectKey)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `번호가 전부 없는 합격자도 접수번호 순으로 수험표를 내려받는다`() {
+        applicants.all += applicant(8, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, null)
+        applicants.all += applicant(3, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, null)
+        applicants.all += applicant(1, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_FAIL, null)
+        val tickets = RecordingAdmissionTicketPort()
+        assertEquals(ExportStatus.PENDING, exportService.create(CreateExportCommand(ExportType.ADMISSION_TICKET)).status)
+        processor(tickets).processNow(ticketJob())
+        assertEquals(listOf(listOf(3L to null, 8L to null)), tickets.requested)
+        assertEquals(ExportStatus.COMPLETED, jobs.saved.last().status)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun `document 가 수험표를 못 그리면 작업을 실패로 끝내고 아무것도 올리지 않는다`() {
         applicants.all += applicant(1, ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS, "100001")
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipServiceTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipServiceTest.kt
index 957f217e..29e0e059 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipServiceTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/EssayZipServiceTest.kt
@@ -6,55 +6,86 @@ import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.model.ApplicantFilter
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicantRepository
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPdfs
 import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.ApplicationEssayPort
+import hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out.EssayPdfMergePort
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
-import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertSame
 import org.junit.Assert.assertThrows
 import org.junit.Test
 
 class EssayZipServiceTest {
     @Test
-    fun `1차 합격자의 기존 PDF를 순서대로 하나의 PDF에 병합한다`() {
+    fun `합격자의 두 문서와 단독 학업계획서를 순서대로 병합기에 전달한다`() {
         val applicants = listOf(
-            Applicant(id = 1, name = "홍/길동", examineeNumber = "11001", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
-            Applicant(id = 2, name = "홍/길동", examineeNumber = "11002", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
-            Applicant(id = 3, name = "불합격", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_FAIL),
+            Applicant(id = 1, examineeNumber = "11001", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+            Applicant(id = 2, examineeNumber = "11002", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+            Applicant(id = 3, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+            Applicant(id = 4, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+            Applicant(id = 5, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_FAIL),
+            Applicant(id = 6, status = ApplicantStatus.PENDING),
+        )
+        val documents = listOf(
+            ApplicationEssayPdfs(byteArrayOf(1), null),
+            ApplicationEssayPdfs(byteArrayOf(2), byteArrayOf(3)),
+            ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, byteArrayOf(4)),
+            ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, null),
         )
         val requested = mutableListOf<Pair<Long, String>>()
+        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream()
+        var merged = false
         val service = EssayPdfService(repository(applicants), object : ApplicationEssayPort {
             override fun render(applicantId: Long, examineeNumber: String) = error("batch 호출 필요")
-
             override fun renderBatch(targets: List<Pair<Long, String>>): List<ApplicationEssayPdfs> {
                 requested += targets
-                return targets.map { (id, _) ->
-                    val pdf = pdf(id.toInt())
-                    if (id == 1L) ApplicationEssayPdfs(pdf, null) else ApplicationEssayPdfs(pdf, pdf)
-                }
+                return documents
             }
+        }, EssayPdfMergePort { actual, stream ->
+            assertSame(documents, actual)
+            assertSame(output, stream)
+            merged = true
         })
 
-        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream()
-        service.writeTo(output)
-
-        assertEquals(listOf(1L to "11001", 2L to "11002"), requested)
-        Loader.loadPDF(output.toByteArray()).use { assertEquals(3, it.numberOfPages) }
+        assertEquals(4, service.writeTo(output))
+        assertEquals(listOf(1L to "11001", 2L to "11002", 3L to "", 4L to ""), requested)
+        assertEquals(true, merged)
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun `대상이 없으면 빈 PDF를 반환한다`() {
-        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream()
-        EssayPdfService(repository(emptyList()), ApplicationEssayPort { _, _ -> error("호출되면 안 됨") }).writeTo(output)
-        Loader.loadPDF(output.toByteArray()).use { assertEquals(0, it.numberOfPages) }
+    fun `대상이 없으면 빈 문서 목록을 병합기에 전달한다`() {
+        var merged = false
+        val service = EssayPdfService(repository(emptyList()), ApplicationEssayPort { _, _ -> error("호출되면 안 됨") },
+            EssayPdfMergePort { documents, _ -> assertEquals(emptyList<ApplicationEssayPdfs>(), documents); merged = true })
+        assertEquals(0, service.writeTo(ByteArrayOutputStream()))
+        assertEquals(true, merged)
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun `수험 번호가 없는 1차 합격자는 내보내지 않는다`() {
-        val applicant = Applicant(id = 1, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS)
-        val service = EssayPdfService(repository(listOf(applicant)), ApplicationEssayPort { _, _ -> error("호출되면 안 됨") })
+    fun `번호 전부 미발급과 혼합에서 공란 번호와 기존 순서 및 미발급 접수번호순을 유지한다`() {
+        for (issued in listOf(false, true)) {
+            val requested = mutableListOf<Pair<Long, String>>()
+            val applicants = listOf(
+                Applicant(id = 9, examineeNumber = if (issued) "11001" else "\t", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 7, examineeNumber = " ", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 4, examineeNumber = if (issued) " 11002 " else "", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 3, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS),
+                Applicant(id = 2, examineeNumber = "11003", status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_FAIL),
+            )
+            val service = EssayPdfService(repository(applicants), ApplicationEssayPort { id, value ->
+                requested += id to value
+                ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, null)
+            }, EssayPdfMergePort { documents, _ -> assertEquals(4, documents.size) })
+            assertEquals(4, service.writeTo(ByteArrayOutputStream()))
+            assertEquals(if (issued) listOf(4L to " 11002 ", 9L to "11001", 3L to "", 7L to "")
+                else listOf(3L to "", 4L to "", 7L to "", 9L to ""), requested)
+        }
+    }
 
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException::class.java) { service.writeTo(ByteArrayOutputStream()) }
+    @Test
+    fun `병합 실패는 성공 처리하지 않고 원래 예외를 전달한다`() {
+        val failure = IllegalStateException("merge failed")
+        val service = EssayPdfService(repository(listOf(Applicant(id = 1, status = ApplicantStatus.FIRST_PASS))),
+            ApplicationEssayPort { _, _ -> ApplicationEssayPdfs(null, null) }, EssayPdfMergePort { _, _ -> throw failure })
+        assertSame(failure, assertThrows(IllegalStateException::class.java) { service.writeTo(ByteArrayOutputStream()) })
     }
 
     private fun repository(applicants: List<Applicant>) = object : ApplicantRepository {
@@ -65,11 +96,4 @@ class EssayZipServiceTest {
         override fun save(applicant: Applicant) = error("unused")
         override fun saveAll(applicants: List<Applicant>) = error("unused")
     }
-
-    private fun pdf(pageCount: Int): ByteArray = ByteArrayOutputStream().also { output ->
-        PDDocument().use { document ->
-            repeat(pageCount) { document.addPage(PDPage()) }
-            document.save(output)
-        }
-    }.toByteArray()
 }
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentServiceTest.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentServiceTest.kt
index 9797090d..8935a743 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentServiceTest.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-application/src/test/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/application/FileDocumentServiceTest.kt
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class FileDocumentServiceTest {
 
         assertArrayEquals("xlsx".toByteArray(), xlsx)
         val rows = sheet.lastTickets.map { it.rows.toMap() }
-        assertEquals(listOf("100002", "미발급"), rows.map { it["수험번호"] })
+        assertEquals(listOf("100002", ""), rows.map { it["수험번호"] })
         assertEquals(listOf("0013", "0012"), rows.map { it["접수 번호"] })
         assertEquals("2027학년도 대덕소프트웨어마이스터고등학교 입학전형 수험표", sheet.lastTickets.first().title)
         assertTrue(storage.uploaded.isEmpty())
@@ -270,6 +270,15 @@ class FileDocumentServiceTest {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `관리자 수험표의 미발급 번호는 공란이고 유효한 번호는 그대로 유지한다`() {
+        for ((number, expected) in listOf(null to "", "" to "", " " to "", "\t" to "", "100001" to "100001", " 100001 " to " 100001 ")) {
+            service.renderAdmissionTickets(listOf(APPLICANT_ID to number))
+            assertEquals("입력 수험번호: <$number>", expected, sheet.lastTickets.single().rows.toMap()["수험번호"])
+        }
+        assertTrue(storage.uploaded.isEmpty())
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun `큰 증명사진은 수험표 칸 폭으로 줄여 흰 바탕 JPEG로 넣고 작은 사진은 그대로 넣는다`() {
         val large = service.upload(photo(student(STUDENT_ID)), content())
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/admin/domain/port/out/ApplicationEssayPort.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/admin/domain/port/out/ApplicationEssayPort.kt
index e8f63878..c80c24ad 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/admin/domain/port/out/ApplicationEssayPort.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/admin/domain/port/out/ApplicationEssayPort.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package hs.kr.entrydsm.admin.domain.port.out
 
+import java.io.OutputStream
+
 data class ApplicationEssayPdfs(val introduction: ByteArray?, val studyPlan: ByteArray?)
 
 fun interface ApplicationEssayPort {
@@ -8,3 +10,8 @@ fun interface ApplicationEssayPort {
     fun renderBatch(targets: List<Pair<Long, String>>): List<ApplicationEssayPdfs> =
         targets.map { (applicantId, examineeNumber) -> render(applicantId, examineeNumber) }
 }
+
+fun interface EssayPdfMergePort {
+    // 지원자별 자기소개서와 학업계획서를 받은 순서대로 합친다.
+    fun writeTo(documents: List<ApplicationEssayPdfs>, output: OutputStream)
+}
diff --git a/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/domain/document/port/in/ApplicantFileUseCase.kt b/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/domain/document/port/in/ApplicantFileUseCase.kt
index 4066b85a..4d7b9b28 100644
--- a/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/domain/document/port/in/ApplicantFileUseCase.kt
+++ b/systems/application/application-administration-domain/src/main/kotlin/hs/kr/entrydsm/application/administration/domain/document/port/in/ApplicantFileUseCase.kt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ interface ApplicantFileUseCase {
      * admin 수험표 일괄 출력. 받은 순서대로 한 시트에 이어 그린 xlsx 를 올리지 않고 돌려준다.
      * 서비스 안쪽 gRPC 로만 부르므로 요청자 권한을 보지 않는다.
      *
-     * @param tickets applicant id 와 admin 이 발급한 수험번호. 수험번호가 null 이면 미발급으로 찍는다
+     * @param tickets applicant id 와 admin 이 발급한 수험번호. 수험번호가 null 이면 칸을 비워 둔다
      */
     fun renderAdmissionTickets(tickets: List<Pair<Long, String?>>): ByteArray