Add custom power and equation functions with counter

Defines a custom power function and an equation function that combines two terms raised to specified powers. Also implements a counter function to track calls from different callers.

Author: AleynaGultekin

Week04/functions_aleyna_gultekin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import sys
+
+custom_power = lambda x=0, /, e=1: x ** e
+
+
+def custom_equation(x: int = 0, y: int = 0, /, a: int = 1, b: int = 1, *, c: int = 1) -> float:
+    """
+    Raises x to the power a and y to the power b, adds them and divides by c.
+
+    :param x: Base of the first term (positional-only)
+    :type x: int
+    :param y: Base of the second term (positional-only)
+    :type y: int
+    :param a: Power applied to x
+    :type a: int
+    :param b: Power applied to y
+    :type b: int
+    :param c: Number to divide the sum by (keyword-only)
+    :type c: int
+    :return: The calculated value
+    :rtype: float
+    """
+    first_term = x ** a
+    second_term = y ** b
+    return float((first_term + second_term) / c)
+
+
+def _make_counter():
+    calls = {"count": 0}
+    by_caller = {}
+
+    def fn_w_counter() -> tuple[int, dict[str, int]]:
+        name = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get("__name__")
+        calls["count"] += 1
+        if name in by_caller:
+            by_caller[name] += 1
+        else:
+            by_caller[name] = 1
+        return calls["count"], by_caller
+
+    return fn_w_counter
+
+
+fn_w_counter = _make_counter()