diff --git a/haystack/components/evaluators/answer_exact_match.py b/haystack/components/evaluators/answer_exact_match.py
index a2bc57e549b..b993dd38f50 100644
--- a/haystack/components/evaluators/answer_exact_match.py
+++ b/haystack/components/evaluators/answer_exact_match.py
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ def run(self, ground_truth_answers: list[str], predicted_answers: list[str]) ->
             - `score` - A number from 0.0 to 1.0 that represents the proportion of questions where any predicted
                          answer matched one of the ground truth answers.
         """
+        if len(ground_truth_answers) == 0 or len(predicted_answers) == 0:
+            msg = "ground_truth_answers and predicted_answers must be provided."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
         if not len(ground_truth_answers) == len(predicted_answers):
             raise ValueError("The length of ground_truth_answers and predicted_answers must be the same.")
 
diff --git a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_map.py b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_map.py
index eb5180fe909..8963df7294d 100644
--- a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_map.py
+++ b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_map.py
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ def run(
             - `individual_scores` - A list of numbers from 0.0 to 1.0 that represents how high retrieved documents
                 are ranked.
         """
+        if len(ground_truth_documents) == 0 or len(retrieved_documents) == 0:
+            msg = "ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be provided."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
         if len(ground_truth_documents) != len(retrieved_documents):
             msg = "The length of ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be the same."
             raise ValueError(msg)
diff --git a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_mrr.py b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_mrr.py
index db51583521a..3550768115e 100644
--- a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_mrr.py
+++ b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_mrr.py
@@ -106,6 +106,10 @@ def run(
             - `individual_scores` - A list of numbers from 0.0 to 1.0 that represents how high the first retrieved
                 document is ranked.
         """
+        if len(ground_truth_documents) == 0 or len(retrieved_documents) == 0:
+            msg = "ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be provided."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
         if len(ground_truth_documents) != len(retrieved_documents):
             msg = "The length of ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be the same."
             raise ValueError(msg)
diff --git a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_recall.py b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_recall.py
index f42cccd8950..68e591d7bf5 100644
--- a/haystack/components/evaluators/document_recall.py
+++ b/haystack/components/evaluators/document_recall.py
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ def run(
             - `individual_scores` - A list of numbers from 0.0 to 1.0 that represents the proportion of matching
                 documents retrieved. If the mode is `single_hit`, the individual scores are 0 or 1.
         """
+        if len(ground_truth_documents) == 0 or len(retrieved_documents) == 0:
+            msg = "ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be provided."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
         if len(ground_truth_documents) != len(retrieved_documents):
             msg = "The length of ground_truth_documents and retrieved_documents must be the same."
             raise ValueError(msg)
diff --git a/releasenotes/notes/evaluator-empty-input-7c2a9e4b1d8f3065.yaml b/releasenotes/notes/evaluator-empty-input-7c2a9e4b1d8f3065.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a6637e6875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/releasenotes/notes/evaluator-empty-input-7c2a9e4b1d8f3065.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+fixes:
+  - |
+    ``DocumentMAPEvaluator``, ``DocumentMRREvaluator``, ``DocumentRecallEvaluator`` and
+    ``AnswerExactMatchEvaluator`` now raise ``ValueError`` when given no questions, instead of
+    ``ZeroDivisionError``. This matches ``DocumentNDCGEvaluator``. A question whose own document
+    or answer list is empty is unchanged.
diff --git a/test/components/evaluators/test_empty_input.py b/test/components/evaluators/test_empty_input.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..608c1873723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/components/evaluators/test_empty_input.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-present deepset GmbH <info@deepset.ai>
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+import pytest
+
+from haystack import Document
+from haystack.components.evaluators.answer_exact_match import AnswerExactMatchEvaluator
+from haystack.components.evaluators.document_map import DocumentMAPEvaluator
+from haystack.components.evaluators.document_mrr import DocumentMRREvaluator
+from haystack.components.evaluators.document_recall import DocumentRecallEvaluator, RecallMode
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "evaluator",
+    [
+        DocumentMAPEvaluator(),
+        DocumentMRREvaluator(),
+        DocumentRecallEvaluator(mode=RecallMode.SINGLE_HIT),
+        DocumentRecallEvaluator(mode=RecallMode.MULTI_HIT),
+    ],
+)
+def test_document_evaluators_reject_top_level_empty_input(evaluator):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be provided"):
+        evaluator.run(ground_truth_documents=[], retrieved_documents=[])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be provided"):
+        evaluator.run(ground_truth_documents=[], retrieved_documents=[[Document(content="x")]])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be provided"):
+        evaluator.run(ground_truth_documents=[[Document(content="x")]], retrieved_documents=[])
+
+
+def test_document_evaluators_still_score_a_question_with_no_documents():
+    ground_truth = [[]]
+    retrieved = [[Document(content="x")]]
+    for evaluator in (DocumentMAPEvaluator(), DocumentMRREvaluator(), DocumentRecallEvaluator()):
+        result = evaluator.run(ground_truth_documents=ground_truth, retrieved_documents=retrieved)
+        assert result["score"] == 0.0
+        assert result["individual_scores"] == [0.0]
+
+
+def test_answer_exact_match_rejects_top_level_empty_input():
+    evaluator = AnswerExactMatchEvaluator()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be provided"):
+        evaluator.run(ground_truth_answers=[], predicted_answers=[])
+
+    result = evaluator.run(ground_truth_answers=["Berlin"], predicted_answers=["Berlin"])
+    assert result == {"individual_scores": [1], "score": 1.0}