diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-code-quality.yml b/.github/workflows/python-code-quality.yml
index 2b271e7a094..33c9cf82d4d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/python-code-quality.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python-code-quality.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       # renovate: datasource=pypi depName=bandit
       BANDIT_VERSION: "1.9.4"
       # renovate: datasource=pypi depName=ruff
-      RUFF_VERSION: "0.15.17"
+      RUFF_VERSION: "0.17.3"
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     permissions:
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 52aae79338a..6ae93656fce 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ repos:
       - id: detect-private-key
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.17
+    rev: v0.17.3
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff-check
diff --git a/display/displaydrivers.md b/display/displaydrivers.md
index 4b1b63c489e..e8708294a8b 100644
--- a/display/displaydrivers.md
+++ b/display/displaydrivers.md
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ import sys
 import grass.script as gs
 from grass.script import task as gtask
 
-os.environ['GRASS_RENDER_IMMEDIATE'] = 'default'
-os.environ['GRASS_RENDER_FILE'] = 'output.png'
+os.environ["GRASS_RENDER_IMMEDIATE"] = "default"
+os.environ["GRASS_RENDER_FILE"] = "output.png"
 
 cmd, dcmd = gtask.cmdstring_to_tuple(sys.argv[1])
 
-gs.run_command('d.text', text="Test of GRASS_RENDER_COMMAND redirection")
+gs.run_command("d.text", text="Test of GRASS_RENDER_COMMAND redirection")
 
-os.environ['GRASS_RENDER_FILE_READ'] = 'TRUE'
+os.environ["GRASS_RENDER_FILE_READ"] = "TRUE"
 gs.run_command(cmd, **dcmd)
 ```
 
diff --git a/doc/development/style_guide.md b/doc/development/style_guide.md
index 26568a90854..381705734c2 100644
--- a/doc/development/style_guide.md
+++ b/doc/development/style_guide.md
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ def func(arg1, arg2):
 
     Example:
 
-    >>> a=1
-    >>> b=2
-    >>> func(a,b)
+    >>> a = 1
+    >>> b = 2
+    >>> func(a, b)
     True
     """
 
     if arg1 == arg2:
-        raise ValueError('arg1 must not be equal to arg2')
+        raise ValueError("arg1 must not be equal to arg2")
 
     return True
 ```
@@ -575,7 +575,9 @@ If different subprocesses need different regions, use different environments:
 
 ```python
 with gs.RegionManager(raster=input_raster, env=os.environ.copy()) as manager:
-    gs.run_command("r.slope.aspect", elevation=input_raster, slope=slope, env=manager.env)
+    gs.run_command(
+        "r.slope.aspect", elevation=input_raster, slope=slope, env=manager.env
+    )
 ```
 
 This approach makes the computational region completely safe for parallel
@@ -587,7 +589,7 @@ If you can't use a context manager, you can use `gs.use_temp_region()` and
 ```python
 gs.use_temp_region()  # From now on, use a separate region in the script.
 # Set the computational region with g.region as needed.
-grass.run_command('g.region', raster='input')
+grass.run_command("g.region", raster="input")
 gs.del_temp_region()
 # Original region applies now.
 ```
@@ -689,7 +691,6 @@ def remove(name):
     )
 
 
-
 def main():
     temporary = gs.append_node_pid("tmp_mapcalc")
     atexit.register(remove, temporary)
@@ -707,13 +708,13 @@ Use gs.findfile() when there is a need to test if a map exists.
 
 ```python
 # test for input raster map
-result = gs.find_file(map_name, element='raster')
-if not result['file']:
+result = gs.find_file(map_name, element="raster")
+if not result["file"]:
     gs.fatal(_("Raster map <{}> not found").format(map_name))
 
 # test for input vector map
-result = gs.find_file(map_name, element='vector')
-if not result['file']:
+result = gs.find_file(map_name, element="vector")
+if not result["file"]:
     gs.fatal(_("Vector map <{}> not found").format(map_name))
 ```
 
@@ -922,7 +923,7 @@ def main():
     try:
         import pandas as pd  # noqa: E402
     except ModuleNotFoundError:
-      gs.fatal(_("Pandas library not installed"))
+        gs.fatal(_("Pandas library not installed"))
 ```
 
 #### Tool name
@@ -1011,9 +1012,9 @@ instead of constructing string from several parts (bad example):
 ```python
 # don't do this
 if ...:
-    maplabel = 'raster map'
+    maplabel = "raster map"
 else:
-    maplabel = '3D raster map'
+    maplabel = "3D raster map"
 win.SetLabel(_("Name for new {} to create").format(maplabel))
 ```
 
@@ -1024,9 +1025,11 @@ string. The comment must start with GTC keyword and must be on a line before
 string:
 
 ```python
-self.bwizard = wx.Button(...,
+self.bwizard = wx.Button(
+    ...,
     # GTC New location
-    label = _("N&ew"))
+    label=_("N&ew"),
+)
 
 # GTC %s will be replaced with name of current shell
 gs.message(_("Running through {}").format(shellname))
diff --git a/doc/development/testing.md b/doc/development/testing.md
index 90ac17e38ae..0384c98cfe9 100644
--- a/doc/development/testing.md
+++ b/doc/development/testing.md
@@ -167,8 +167,7 @@ environment. Mark such a test so it is run on its own:
 
 ```python
 @pytest.mark.needs_solo_run
-def test_something_which_changes_the_environment(xy_dataset_session):
-    ...
+def test_something_which_changes_the_environment(xy_dataset_session): ...
 ```
 
 ## More information
diff --git a/doc/interfaces_overview.md b/doc/interfaces_overview.md
index a932fe5edd1..0b141b04fb2 100644
--- a/doc/interfaces_overview.md
+++ b/doc/interfaces_overview.md
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ gs.create_project(path="path/to/my_project", epsg="3358")
 
 # Initialize the GRASS session
 with gs.setup.init("path/to/my_project") as session:
-
     # Run GRASS tools
     tools = Tools(session=session)
     tools.r_import(input="/path/to/elevation.tif", output="elevation")
diff --git a/doc/jupyter_intro.md b/doc/jupyter_intro.md
index d1839ab372f..937f618739f 100644
--- a/doc/jupyter_intro.md
+++ b/doc/jupyter_intro.md
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ m.d_legend(
     at=(1, 50, 1, 8),
     title="Elevation (m)",
     border_color="none",
-    flags="bt"
+    flags="bt",
 )
 
 # Add a scale bar to the map
@@ -161,12 +161,11 @@ elevation_3dmap.render(
     perspective=10,
     height=5000,
     resolution_fine=1,
-    zexag=5
+    zexag=5,
+)
+elevation_3dmap.overlay.d_legend(
+    raster="landuse", at=(0, 30, 87, 100), flags="b", border_color="none"
 )
-elevation_3dmap.overlay.d_legend(raster="landuse",
-                                 at=(0, 30, 87, 100),
-                                 flags="b",
-                                 border_color="none")
 elevation_3dmap.show()
 ```
 
@@ -184,10 +183,7 @@ maps and play a continuous loop.
 # Create a series of relief maps with different angles
 directions = [0, 90, 180, 270]
 for azimuth in directions:
-    tools.r_relief(
-        input="elevation",
-        output=f"relief_{azimuth}",
-        azimuth=azimuth)
+    tools.r_relief(input="elevation", output=f"relief_{azimuth}", azimuth=azimuth)
 m = gj.SeriesMap()
 m.add_rasters(f"relief_{azimuth}" for azimuth in directions)
 m.d_vect(map="roads")
@@ -212,19 +208,16 @@ tools.g_region(n=226040, s=223780, e=639170, w=636190)
 tools.r_slope_aspect(elevation="elevation", dx="dx", dy="dy")
 # Compute overland flow
 tools.r_sim_water(
-    flags="t",
-    elevation="elevation",
-    dx="dx",
-    dy="dy",
-    depth="depth",
-    duration=30)
+    flags="t", elevation="elevation", dx="dx", dy="dy", depth="depth", duration=30
+)
 
 # Create a time series
 tools.t_create(
     output="depth",
     temporaltype="relative",
     title="Overland flow depth",
-    description="Overland flow depth")
+    description="Overland flow depth",
+)
 # Register the time series
 maps = [
     item["fullname"]
@@ -243,11 +236,13 @@ flow_map.add_raster_series("depth", values="0.025-1.25")
 flow_map.d_vect(map="streets")
 
 # Add map features
-flow_map.d_legend(raster="depth.30",
-                  title="Depth [m]",
-                  flags="bt",
-                  border_color="none",
-                  at=(1, 50, 0, 5))
+flow_map.d_legend(
+    raster="depth.30",
+    title="Depth [m]",
+    flags="bt",
+    border_color="none",
+    at=(1, 50, 0, 5),
+)
 
 # Display the map
 flow_map.show()
diff --git a/doc/migration_to_grass_tools_python_api.md b/doc/migration_to_grass_tools_python_api.md
index 2612911bd6e..0f684c2e093 100644
--- a/doc/migration_to_grass_tools_python_api.md
+++ b/doc/migration_to_grass_tools_python_api.md
@@ -386,10 +386,7 @@ result = gs.list_strings("raster")
 Extract the *fullname* field from the JSON output:
 
 ```python
-result = [
-    item["fullname"] 
-    for item in tools.g_list(type="raster", format="json")
-]
+result = [item["fullname"] for item in tools.g_list(type="raster", format="json")]
 ```
 
 The *list_pairs* returns tuples:
@@ -456,11 +453,7 @@ configure the *Tools* object accordingly.
 The *run_command* approach uses *errors="status"*:
 
 ```python
-returncode = gs.run_command(
-    "r.mask.status", 
-    flags="t", 
-    errors="status"
-)
+returncode = gs.run_command("r.mask.status", flags="t", errors="status")
 # Returns: 1 (if no mask exists)
 ```
 
@@ -468,8 +461,8 @@ Configure the *Tools* object to ignore errors and always return result objects:
 
 ```python
 tools_with_returncode = Tools(
-    errors="ignore", 
-    consistent_return_value=True, 
+    errors="ignore",
+    consistent_return_value=True,
 )
 result = tools_with_returncode.r_mask_status(flags="t")
 returncode = result.returncode
@@ -630,27 +623,21 @@ import grass.script as gs
 with gs.setup.init("path/to/project") as session:
     # Import raster
     gs.run_command(
-        "r.import", 
-        input="/path/to/elevation.tif", 
-        output="elevation",
-        env=session.env
+        "r.import", input="/path/to/elevation.tif", output="elevation", env=session.env
     )
-    
+
     # Set region
     gs.run_command("g.region", raster="elevation", env=session.env)
-    
+
     # Calculate slope
     gs.run_command(
-        "r.slope.aspect",
-        elevation="elevation",
-        slope="slope",
-        env=session.env
+        "r.slope.aspect", elevation="elevation", slope="slope", env=session.env
     )
-    
+
     # Get region info
     region_info = gs.region(env=session.env)
     print(f"Rows: {region_info['rows']}")
-    
+
     # List rasters
     rasters = gs.list_strings("raster", env=session.env)
     print(f"Rasters: {rasters}")
@@ -664,25 +651,22 @@ from grass.tools import Tools
 
 with gs.setup.init("path/to/project") as session:
     tools = Tools(session=session)
-    
+
     # Import raster
     tools.r_import(input="/path/to/elevation.tif", output="elevation")
-    
+
     # Set region
     tools.g_region(raster="elevation")
-    
+
     # Calculate slope
     tools.r_slope_aspect(elevation="elevation", slope="slope")
-    
+
     # Get region info
     region_info = tools.g_region(flags="p", format="json")
     print(f"Rows: {region_info['rows']}")
-    
+
     # List rasters
-    rasters = [
-        item["fullname"] 
-        for item in tools.g_list(type="raster", format="json")
-    ]
+    rasters = [item["fullname"] for item in tools.g_list(type="raster", format="json")]
     print(f"Rasters: {rasters}")
 ```
 
diff --git a/doc/python_intro.md b/doc/python_intro.md
index 5ae951a05a4..4af054d548d 100644
--- a/doc/python_intro.md
+++ b/doc/python_intro.md
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ gs.create_project(path="path/to/my_project", epsg="3358")
 
 # Initialize the GRASS session
 with gs.setup.init("path/to/my_project") as session:
-
     # Run GRASS tools
     tools = Tools(session=session)
     tools.r_import(input="/path/to/elevation.tif", output="elevation")
@@ -112,10 +111,7 @@ color_scheme = """
 80% #d95f0e
 100% #993404
 """
-tools.r_colors(
-    map="elevation",
-    rules=StringIO(color_scheme)
-)
+tools.r_colors(map="elevation", rules=StringIO(color_scheme))
 ```
 
 The methods will raise *CalledModuleError* if a tool fails.
@@ -344,7 +340,7 @@ from grass.pygrass.gis import Mapset
 mapset = Mapset()
 
 # List all rasters in the mapset
-rasters = mapset.glist(type='raster')
+rasters = mapset.glist(type="raster")
 ```
 
 For more details about the `gis` module, see the Full Documentation:
@@ -385,7 +381,7 @@ from grass.pygrass.gis.region import Region
 region = Region()
 
 # Set the region from the elevation raster
-region.from_rast('elevation')
+region.from_rast("elevation")
 
 # Adjust the region by adding 100 map units
 # to the east and north
@@ -445,8 +441,7 @@ To read all rows of the `elevation` raster:
 ```python
 from grass.pygrass import raster
 
-with raster.RasterRow('elevation') as elev:
-
+with raster.RasterRow("elevation") as elev:
     # Get the total number of rows
     nrows = elev.info.rows
     print(f"Total Rows: {nrows}")
@@ -462,13 +457,12 @@ raster, double it, and write the value back to a new raster `elevation_new`.
 from grass.pygrass import raster
 
 # Open the elevation raster in read mode
-with raster.RasterRow('elevation') as elev:
-
+with raster.RasterRow("elevation") as elev:
     # Read a random row and column
     value = elev[5][10]
 
     # Open the new elevation raster in write mode
-    with raster.RasterRow('elevation_new', mode='w', mtype="FCELL") as new_elev:
+    with raster.RasterRow("elevation_new", mode="w", mtype="FCELL") as new_elev:
         # Sequentially iterate over the rows and columns
         for row_id, row in enumerate(elev, start=0):
             # When we reach the row and column we want to change
@@ -510,12 +504,11 @@ to check if a vector map exists and print the mapset it is in.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import Vector
 
 # Check if the roads vector map exists
-roads = Vector('roadsmajor')
+roads = Vector("roadsmajor")
 
 if roads.exist():
     mapset = roads.mapset
     print(f"The roads vector map exists in the {mapset} mapset")
-
 ```
 
 With the [VectorTopo](https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/libpython/pygrass_vector.html#vectortopo-label)
@@ -527,14 +520,13 @@ class in addition to read and write access.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 
 # Open the roads vector map as a VectorTopo object
-with VectorTopo('roadsmajor') as roads:
-
+with VectorTopo("roadsmajor") as roads:
     # Get the first feature
     first_feature = roads.next()
     print(first_feature)
 
     # Get the number of nodes
-    roads.number_of('nodes')
+    roads.number_of("nodes")
 ```
 
 #### Geometry and Attributes
@@ -579,7 +571,7 @@ the attributes of the current feature.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 
 # Open the roads vector map in read mode
-with VectorTopo('roadsmajor') as roads:
+with VectorTopo("roadsmajor") as roads:
     # Read attribute the first feature
     read_feature = roads.read(1)
     # Prints the LINESTRING geometry
@@ -597,23 +589,22 @@ Here is an example of how to write a new feature to the `roads` vector map.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 from grass.pygrass.vector.geometry import Line
 
-with VectorTopo('roadsmajor', mode='rw') as roads:
-
+with VectorTopo("roadsmajor", mode="rw") as roads:
     # Create a new feature
     # The tuple is shorthand for a list of Point(x, y)
     new_geom = Line([(636981.33, 256517.60), (636983.10, 256526.59)])
-    
+
     # Get the last cat value (primary key)
     last_record = roads.read(-1)
     last_cat = last_record.cat
 
     # Create an empty feature from the last record
     new_dict = {key: None for key in last_record.attrs}
-    new_dict['cat'] = last_cat + 1
-    new_dict['MAJORRDS_'] = 2.0
-    new_dict['ROAD_NAME'] = 'New Road'
-    new_dict['MULTILINE'] = 'No'
-    new_dict['PROPYEAR'] = 2025
+    new_dict["cat"] = last_cat + 1
+    new_dict["MAJORRDS_"] = 2.0
+    new_dict["ROAD_NAME"] = "New Road"
+    new_dict["MULTILINE"] = "No"
+    new_dict["PROPYEAR"] = 2025
 
     # Write the new feature to the vector map
     roads.write(new_geom, new_dict)
@@ -640,12 +631,12 @@ the line segment length is greater than 1000.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 
 # Open the roads vector map as a VectorTopo object
-with VectorTopo('roadsmajor') as roads:
+with VectorTopo("roadsmajor") as roads:
     # Iterate over each feature in the vector map
-    for feature in roads.viter('lines'):
+    for feature in roads.viter("lines"):
         # Check if the feature is a line and the length is greater than 1000
         # And the ROAD_NAME attribute is 'NC-50'
-        if feature.length() > 1000 and feature.attrs['ROAD_NAME'] == 'NC-50':
+        if feature.length() > 1000 and feature.attrs["ROAD_NAME"] == "NC-50":
             print(feature)
 ```
 
@@ -665,7 +656,7 @@ import random
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 from grass.pygrass.vector.geometry import Point
 
-with VectorTopo('roadsmajor') as roads:
+with VectorTopo("roadsmajor") as roads:
     # Get the extent of the roads vector map
     extent = roads.bbox()
 
@@ -675,7 +666,7 @@ with VectorTopo('roadsmajor') as roads:
     random_point = Point(x, y)
 
     # Iterate over each feature in the vector map
-    for feature in roads.viter('lines'):
+    for feature in roads.viter("lines"):
         # Check if the random point is within a 5000 meters of the line
         line_distance = feature.distance(random_point)
         if line_distance.dist < 5000:
@@ -694,7 +685,7 @@ class for more advanced operations.
 from grass.pygrass.vector import VectorTopo
 
 # Open the roads vector map as a VectorTopo object
-roads = VectorTopo('roadsmajor')
+roads = VectorTopo("roadsmajor")
 roads.open("r")
 
 # Query the vector map for all features where the
@@ -702,7 +693,7 @@ roads.open("r")
 roads.table_to_dict(where="ROAD_NAME = 'NC-50'")
 sql_1 = roads.table.filters.get_sql()
 
-# Query the vector map for the first 5 features where the 
+# Query the vector map for the first 5 features where the
 # ROAD_NAME attribute is 'NC-70'
 roads.table.filters.where("ROAD_NAME = 'NC-70'").limit(5)
 sql_2 = roads.table.filters.get_sql()
@@ -789,11 +780,12 @@ color_scheme = """
 80% #d95f0e
 100% #993404
 """
-gs.write_command("r.colors",
-                 map="elevation",
-                 rules="-",  # Read from stdin
-                 stdin=color_scheme
-                )
+gs.write_command(
+    "r.colors",
+    map="elevation",
+    rules="-",  # Read from stdin
+    stdin=color_scheme,
+)
 ```
 
 ### Tools as objects
@@ -809,10 +801,7 @@ tool.
 from grass.pygrass.modules import Module
 
 slope_aspect_tool = Module(
-    "r.slope.aspect", 
-    elevation='elevation',
-    slope='slope',
-    aspect='aspect'
+    "r.slope.aspect", elevation="elevation", slope="slope", aspect="aspect"
 )
 ```
 
diff --git a/general/g.findfile/g.findfile.md b/general/g.findfile/g.findfile.md
index 053362ac2dc..ab2d471c4a6 100644
--- a/general/g.findfile/g.findfile.md
+++ b/general/g.findfile/g.findfile.md
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ following code:
 ```python
 import grass.script as gs
 
-gs.find_file('elevation', element = 'cell')
+gs.find_file("elevation", element="cell")
 ```
 
 Parsing JSON output:
diff --git a/general/g.parser/g.parser.md b/general/g.parser/g.parser.md
index ae4eca3d6ca..270283d9372 100644
--- a/general/g.parser/g.parser.md
+++ b/general/g.parser/g.parser.md
@@ -635,11 +635,13 @@ import sys
 
 import grass.script as gs
 
+
 def main():
     # put code here
 
     return 0
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     options, flags = gs.parser()
     sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/lib/init/grass.md b/lib/init/grass.md
index 4a5fef16ae3..4bdaf2488bc 100644
--- a/lib/init/grass.md
+++ b/lib/init/grass.md
@@ -392,15 +392,15 @@ A very simple Python script ("test.py") may look like this:
 # import GRASS Python bindings (see also pygrass)
 import grass.script as gs
 
-gs.message('Current GRASS environment:')
+gs.message("Current GRASS environment:")
 print(gs.gisenv())
 
-gs.message('Available raster maps:')
-for raster in gs.list_strings(type='raster'):
+gs.message("Available raster maps:")
+for raster in gs.list_strings(type="raster"):
     print(raster)
 
-gs.message('Available vector maps:')
-for vector in gs.list_strings(type='vector'):
+gs.message("Available vector maps:")
+for vector in gs.list_strings(type="vector"):
     print(vector)
 ```
 
diff --git a/man/mkdocs/docs/command_line_intro.md b/man/mkdocs/docs/command_line_intro.md
index b2b10724d36..6f867795136 100644
--- a/man/mkdocs/docs/command_line_intro.md
+++ b/man/mkdocs/docs/command_line_intro.md
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ to export the aspect map as a PNG.
 ```python
 import grass.script as gs
 
-gs.run_command('g.region', raster='elevation')
-gs.run_command('r.slope.aspect', elevation='elevation', slope='slope', aspect='aspect')
-gs.run_command('r.colors', map='aspect', color='aspect')
-gs.run_command('r.out.png', input='aspect', output='aspect', overwrite=True)
+gs.run_command("g.region", raster="elevation")
+gs.run_command("r.slope.aspect", elevation="elevation", slope="slope", aspect="aspect")
+gs.run_command("r.colors", map="aspect", color="aspect")
+gs.run_command("r.out.png", input="aspect", output="aspect", overwrite=True)
 ```
 
 Now execute the Python script.
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 6ea5dfa580c..75add911fd6 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -534,6 +534,8 @@ known-first-party = ["grass"]
 # Declare a custom aliases, checked with rule ICN001
 "grass.script" = "gs"
 "grass.temporal" = "tgis"
+# Ruff 0.17 added a default alias of dt for datetime; keep the existing import style.
+datetime = "datetime"
 
 [tool.ruff.format]
 docstring-code-format = true
diff --git a/raster/r.horizon/r.horizon.md b/raster/r.horizon/r.horizon.md
index 3a47e6c99e0..f837c2074e5 100644
--- a/raster/r.horizon/r.horizon.md
+++ b/raster/r.horizon/r.horizon.md
@@ -196,12 +196,11 @@ We can plot horizon in polar coordinates using Matplotlib in Python:
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
-horizon = np.genfromtxt('horizon.csv', delimiter=',')
+horizon = np.genfromtxt("horizon.csv", delimiter=",")
 horizon = horizon[1:, :]
 
 ax = plt.subplot(111, polar=True)
-bars = ax.plot(horizon[:, 0] / 180 * np.pi,
-               (90 - horizon[:, 1]) / 180 * np.pi)
+bars = ax.plot(horizon[:, 0] / 180 * np.pi, (90 - horizon[:, 1]) / 180 * np.pi)
 # uncomment the 2 following lines when using -c flag
 # ax.set_theta_direction(-1)
 # ax.set_theta_zero_location('N')
diff --git a/raster/r.mask.status/r.mask.status.md b/raster/r.mask.status/r.mask.status.md
index f3f76622b42..971ebe912fe 100644
--- a/raster/r.mask.status/r.mask.status.md
+++ b/raster/r.mask.status/r.mask.status.md
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ In Python, use:
 
 ```python
 import grass.script as gs
+
 gs.parse_command("r.mask.status", format="json")
 ```
 
diff --git a/raster/r.proj/r.proj.md b/raster/r.proj/r.proj.md
index 587232f03f8..f5f8d9ea098 100644
--- a/raster/r.proj/r.proj.md
+++ b/raster/r.proj/r.proj.md
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ using python:
 ```python
 import grass.script as gs
 
-# Run the r.proj command to print the input map's bounds in the current 
+# Run the r.proj command to print the input map's bounds in the current
 # projection using JSON output format
 bounds = gs.parse_command(
     "r.proj",
diff --git a/raster/r.solute.transport/r.solute.transport.md b/raster/r.solute.transport/r.solute.transport.md
index 1de4cf6bc25..209ff86e9ce 100644
--- a/raster/r.solute.transport/r.solute.transport.md
+++ b/raster/r.solute.transport/r.solute.transport.md
@@ -99,9 +99,14 @@ gs.message(_("Set the region"))
 # The area is 200m x 100m with a cell size of 1m x 1m
 gs.run_command("g.region", res=1, res3=1, t=10, b=0, n=100, s=0, w=0, e=200)
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="phead = if(col() == 1 , 50, 40)")
-gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="phead = if(col() ==200  , 45 + row()/40, phead)")
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.mapcalc", expression="phead = if(col() ==200  , 45 + row()/40, phead)"
+)
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="status = if(col() == 1 || col() == 200 , 2, 1)")
-gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="well = if((row() == 50 && col() == 175) || (row() == 10 && col() == 135) , -0.001, 0)")
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.mapcalc",
+    expression="well = if((row() == 50 && col() == 175) || (row() == 10 && col() == 135) , -0.001, 0)",
+)
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="hydcond = 0.00005")
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="recharge = 0")
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="top_conf = 20")
@@ -112,29 +117,80 @@ gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="null = 0.0")
 
 gs.message(_("Compute a steady state groundwater flow"))
 
-gs.run_command("r.gwflow", solver="cg", top="top_conf", bottom="bottom", phead="phead",\
-  status="status", hc_x="hydcond", hc_y="hydcond", q="well", s="syield",\
-  recharge="recharge", output="gwresult_conf", dt=8640000000000, type="confined")
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.gwflow",
+    solver="cg",
+    top="top_conf",
+    bottom="bottom",
+    phead="phead",
+    status="status",
+    hc_x="hydcond",
+    hc_y="hydcond",
+    q="well",
+    s="syield",
+    recharge="recharge",
+    output="gwresult_conf",
+    dt=8640000000000,
+    type="confined",
+)
 
 gs.message(_("generate the transport data"))
-gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="c = if(col() == 15 && row() == 75 , 500.0, 0.0)")
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.mapcalc", expression="c = if(col() == 15 && row() == 75 , 500.0, 0.0)"
+)
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="cs = if(col() == 15 && row() == 75 , 0.0, 0.0)")
-gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="tstatus = if(col() == 1 || col() == 200 , 3, 1)")
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.mapcalc", expression="tstatus = if(col() == 1 || col() == 200 , 3, 1)"
+)
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="diff = 0.0000001")
 gs.run_command("r.mapcalc", expression="R = 1.0")
 
 # Compute the initial state
-gs.run_command("r.solute.transport", solver="bicgstab", top="top_conf",\
-  bottom="bottom", phead="gwresult_conf", status="tstatus", hc_x="hydcond", hc_y="hydcond",\
-  rd="R", cs="cs", q="well", nf="poros", output="stresult_conf_0", dt=3600, diff_x="diff",\
-  diff_y="diff", c="c", al=0.1, at=0.01)
+gs.run_command(
+    "r.solute.transport",
+    solver="bicgstab",
+    top="top_conf",
+    bottom="bottom",
+    phead="gwresult_conf",
+    status="tstatus",
+    hc_x="hydcond",
+    hc_y="hydcond",
+    rd="R",
+    cs="cs",
+    q="well",
+    nf="poros",
+    output="stresult_conf_0",
+    dt=3600,
+    diff_x="diff",
+    diff_y="diff",
+    c="c",
+    al=0.1,
+    at=0.01,
+)
 
 # Compute the solute transport for 300 days in 10 day steps
 for dt in range(30):
-    gs.run_command("r.solute.transport", solver="bicgstab", top="top_conf",\
-    bottom="bottom", phead="gwresult_conf", status="tstatus", hc_x="hydcond", hc_y="hydcond",\
-    rd="R", cs="cs", q="well", nf="poros", output="stresult_conf_" + str(dt + 1), dt=864000, diff_x="diff",\
-    diff_y="diff", c="stresult_conf_" + str(dt), al=0.1, at=0.01)
+    gs.run_command(
+        "r.solute.transport",
+        solver="bicgstab",
+        top="top_conf",
+        bottom="bottom",
+        phead="gwresult_conf",
+        status="tstatus",
+        hc_x="hydcond",
+        hc_y="hydcond",
+        rd="R",
+        cs="cs",
+        q="well",
+        nf="poros",
+        output="stresult_conf_" + str(dt + 1),
+        dt=864000,
+        diff_x="diff",
+        diff_y="diff",
+        c="stresult_conf_" + str(dt),
+        al=0.1,
+        at=0.01,
+    )
 ```
 
 ## SEE ALSO
diff --git a/raster/r.stats/r.stats.md b/raster/r.stats/r.stats.md
index 154faf87dd3..0bb54985ae4 100644
--- a/raster/r.stats/r.stats.md
+++ b/raster/r.stats/r.stats.md
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ in a single raster map:
     gs.run_command("g.region", raster="geology_30m")
     data = gs.parse_command("r.stats", flags="a", input="geology_30m", format="json")
     for record in data:
-        cat = record['categories'][0]['category']
+        cat = record["categories"][0]["category"]
         print(f"Category {cat}: {record['count']} cells and {record['area'] / 1e6} km2")
     ```
 
@@ -180,7 +180,9 @@ category in multiple raster maps (suppress NULL data):
     import grass.script as gs
 
     gs.run_command("g.region", raster="towns")
-    data = gs.parse_command("r.stats", flags="nacp", input=["towns", "urban"], format="json")
+    data = gs.parse_command(
+        "r.stats", flags="nacp", input=["towns", "urban"], format="json"
+    )
     for record in data:
         categories = [str(cat["category"]) for cat in record["categories"]]
         print(f"Categories {' and '.join(categories)}: {record['percent']:.2f} %")
@@ -259,11 +261,14 @@ Number of intervals are given by **nsteps** option.
     import grass.script as gs
 
     gs.run_command("g.region", raster="elevation")
-    data = gs.parse_command("r.stats", flags="an", input="elevation", nsteps=5, sort="desc", format="json")
+    data = gs.parse_command(
+        "r.stats", flags="an", input="elevation", nsteps=5, sort="desc", format="json"
+    )
     for record in data:
-        from_to = record['categories'][0]['range']
-        print(f"Elevation {from_to['from']:.2f}-{from_to['to']:.2f}: {record['area'] / 1e6:.2f} km2")
-
+        from_to = record["categories"][0]["range"]
+        print(
+            f"Elevation {from_to['from']:.2f}-{from_to['to']:.2f}: {record['area'] / 1e6:.2f} km2"
+        )
     ```
 
     Output: 
@@ -411,7 +416,12 @@ zipcode areas:
 
     gs.run_command("g.region", raster="zipcodes")
     # landuse/landcover, geology and zipcodes with category labels
-    data = gs.parse_command("r.stats", flags="c", input=["landclass96", "zipcodes", "geology_30m"], format="json")
+    data = gs.parse_command(
+        "r.stats",
+        flags="c",
+        input=["landclass96", "zipcodes", "geology_30m"],
+        format="json",
+    )
     print(data[0])
     ```
 
diff --git a/scripts/v.geometry/v.geometry.md b/scripts/v.geometry/v.geometry.md
index 15890c24aac..3b572e57842 100644
--- a/scripts/v.geometry/v.geometry.md
+++ b/scripts/v.geometry/v.geometry.md
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ Consume metrics from Python:
     ```python
     import grass.script as gs
 
-    data = gs.parse_command("v.geometry", map="geology", metric="compactness", format="json")
+    data = gs.parse_command(
+        "v.geometry", map="geology", metric="compactness", format="json"
+    )
     for record in data["records"]:
         print(record["category"], record["compactness"])
     ```
diff --git a/temporal/t.rast.list/t.rast.list.md b/temporal/t.rast.list/t.rast.list.md
index 7c9b0d22ca7..a572716f9a0 100644
--- a/temporal/t.rast.list/t.rast.list.md
+++ b/temporal/t.rast.list/t.rast.list.md
@@ -196,9 +196,7 @@ dataset [t.vect.list](t.vect.list.md#using-method-option)
 
 ```python
 result = json.loads(
-    gs.read_command(
-        "t.rast.list", input="tempmean_monthly", format="json"
-    )
+    gs.read_command("t.rast.list", input="tempmean_monthly", format="json")
 )
 for item in result["data"]:
     print(item["name"])