diff --git a/.changeset/tiling-duplicate-tile-ids.md b/.changeset/tiling-duplicate-tile-ids.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f9a3ad88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tiling-duplicate-tile-ids.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@embedpdf/plugin-tiling': patch
+---
+
+Fix duplicate tile ids emitted by the UPDATE_VISIBLE_TILES reducer when the scale changes while fallback tiles from an earlier generation are still present. Tile ids encode page/scale/rect but not rotation, so rotating 90° → 270° under a fit zoom mode revisits an earlier scale and re-generates identical ids; the scale-change branch concatenated carried and fresh tiles without deduplication. Keyed renderers crash on the duplicates — in Svelte this throws `each_key_duplicate` mid-flush and can wedge the tab.
diff --git a/packages/plugin-tiling/src/lib/reducer.ts b/packages/plugin-tiling/src/lib/reducer.ts
index c9e8306d2..482f4bc5e 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-tiling/src/lib/reducer.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-tiling/src/lib/reducer.ts
@@ -64,8 +64,17 @@ export const tilingReducer: Reducer<TilingState, TilingAction> = (state, action)
           /* 2️⃣  decide which fallback tiles to keep           */
           const fallbackToCarry = promoted.length > 0 ? [] : prevTiles.filter((t) => t.isFallback);
 
-          /* 3️⃣  final list = (maybe-kept fallback) + promoted + newTiles */
-          nextPages[pageIndex] = [...fallbackToCarry, ...promoted, ...newTiles];
+          /* 3️⃣  final list = (maybe-kept fallback) + promoted + newTiles.
+                 Tile ids encode page/scale/rect but not rotation, so a carried
+                 tile can share an id with a new tile (e.g. rotating 90° → 270°
+                 under a fit zoom mode revisits the same scale and rects while
+                 old fallbacks are still alive). Keyed renderers crash on
+                 duplicate ids, so the fresh tile wins. */
+          const newIds = new Set(newTiles.map((t) => t.id));
+          nextPages[pageIndex] = [
+            ...[...fallbackToCarry, ...promoted].filter((t) => !newIds.has(t.id)),
+            ...newTiles,
+          ];
         } else {
           /* same zoom → keep current fallback, replace visible */
           const newIds = new Set(newTiles.map((t) => t.id));