gh-156689: Fix out-of-bounds read in PyAst_CheckMode() for mode='func_type' (GH-156697)

(cherry picked from commit d7f9c64)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <stan@python.org>

Author: StanFromIreland

Doc/library/ast.rst

@@ -2257,7 +2257,7 @@ and classes for traversing abstract syntax trees:
 
    In addition, if ``mode`` is ``'func_type'``, the input syntax is
    modified to correspond to :pep:`484` "signature type comments",
-   e.g. ``(str, int) -> List[str]``.
+   for example ``(str, int) -> List[str]``.
 
    Setting ``feature_version`` to a tuple ``(major, minor)`` will result in
    a "best-effort" attempt to parse using that Python version's grammar.

Lib/test/test_ast/test_ast.py

@@ -152,6 +152,15 @@ def test_parse_invalid_ast(self):
             self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.parse, ast.Constant(42),
                               optimize=optval)
 
+    def test_parse_ast_func_type(self):
+        # see gh-156689
+        tree = ast.parse('(int, str) -> bool', mode='func_type')
+        self.assertEqual(ast.dump(ast.parse(tree, mode='func_type')),
+                         ast.dump(tree))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.parse, ast.Constant(42),
+                          mode='func_type')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.parse, tree, mode='exec')
+
     def test_optimization_levels__debug__(self):
         cases = [(-1, '__debug__'), (0, '__debug__'), (1, False), (2, False)]
         for (optval, expected) in cases:

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-31-10-45-11.gh-issue-156689.Jq3xNv.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix an out-of-bounds read in :func:`compile` and :func:`ast.parse` when an AST
+object is passed with ``mode='func_type'``.

Parser/asdl_c.py

@@ -2169,22 +2169,25 @@ class PartingShots(StaticVisitor):
     return result;
 }
 
-/* mode is 0 for "exec", 1 for "eval" and 2 for "single" input */
+/* mode is 0 for "exec", 1 for "eval", 2 for "single" and 3 for "func_type"
+   input */
 int PyAst_CheckMode(PyObject *ast, int mode)
 {
-    const char * const req_name[] = {"Module", "Expression", "Interactive"};
+    const char * const req_name[] = {"Module", "Expression", "Interactive",
+                                     "FunctionType"};
 
     struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
     if (state == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    PyObject *req_type[3];
+    PyObject *req_type[4];
     req_type[0] = state->Module_type;
     req_type[1] = state->Expression_type;
     req_type[2] = state->Interactive_type;
+    req_type[3] = state->FunctionType_type;
 
-    assert(0 <= mode && mode <= 2);
+    assert(0 <= mode && mode <= 3);
     int isinstance = PyObject_IsInstance(ast, req_type[mode]);
     if (isinstance == -1) {
         return -1;