diff --git a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
index df2468f7124e6d..1c64c8f665611b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
@@ -199,11 +199,21 @@ An :class:`IMAP4` instance has the following methods:
 
    Append *message* to named mailbox.
 
+   *message* is sent verbatim, without any line-ending conversion.
+   :rfc:`3501` requires messages to use CRLF line endings, so callers must
+   ensure this themselves; for example, serialize :mod:`email` messages using
+   :class:`email.policy.SMTP` (which emits CRLF) rather than the default
+   policy.
+
    *flags* may be ``None`` or a string of IMAP flag tokens.  Multiple
    flags are separated by spaces, for example ``r'\Seen \Answered'``.
    If *flags* is not already enclosed in parentheses, parentheses are
    added automatically.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.16
+      *message* is now sent verbatim.  Previously, bare CR or LF characters
+      were rewritten to CRLF.
+
 
 .. method:: IMAP4.authenticate(mechanism, authobject)
 
diff --git a/Lib/imaplib.py b/Lib/imaplib.py
index 497b5a60cecb08..af9a0c26501d3c 100644
--- a/Lib/imaplib.py
+++ b/Lib/imaplib.py
@@ -502,8 +502,7 @@ def append(self, mailbox, flags, date_time, message):
             date_time = Time2Internaldate(date_time)
         else:
             date_time = None
-        literal = MapCRLF.sub(CRLF, message)
-        self.literal = literal
+        self.literal = message
         return self._simple_command(name, mailbox, flags, date_time)
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
index fb256fb7cbcd34..756039062844a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from test.support import socket_helper
 
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from email.message import EmailMessage
 import imaplib
 import os.path
 import socketserver
@@ -27,6 +28,25 @@
 CAFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir, "certdata", "pycacert.pem")
 
 
+def _read_append_literal(handler, args):
+    literal = args[-1]
+    trailer = b'\r\n'
+    if literal.startswith('('):
+        literal = literal[1:]
+        trailer = b')\r\n'
+    if literal.startswith('~'):
+        literal = literal[1:]
+    match = re.fullmatch(r'\{(\d+)\}', literal)
+    if match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected APPEND literal marker: {args[-1]!r}")
+    literal_size = int(match.group(1))
+
+    handler._send_textline('+')
+    payload = handler.rfile.read(literal_size)
+    received_trailer = handler.rfile.read(len(trailer))
+    return payload, received_trailer
+
+
 class TestImaplib(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_Internaldate2tuple(self):
@@ -371,12 +391,9 @@ def cmd_AUTHENTICATE(self, tag, args):
                 self.server.response = yield
                 self._send_tagged(tag, 'OK', 'FAKEAUTH successful')
             def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
-                self._send_textline('+')
                 self.server.response = args
-                literal = yield
-                self.server.response.append(literal)
-                literal = yield
-                self.server.response.append(literal)
+                payload, trailer = _read_append_literal(self, args)
+                self.server.response.extend([payload, trailer])
                 self._send_tagged(tag, 'OK', 'okay')
         client, server = self._setup(UTF8AppendServer)
         self.assertEqual(client._encoding, 'ascii')
@@ -387,14 +404,45 @@ def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
         self.assertEqual(code, 'OK')
         self.assertEqual(client._encoding, 'utf-8')
         msg_string = 'Subject: üñí©öðé'
-        typ, data = client.append(
-            None, None, None, (msg_string + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
+        msg = (msg_string + '\n').encode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(len(msg), 24)
+        typ, data = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
         self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
         self.assertEqual(server.response,
             ['INBOX', 'UTF8',
-             '(~{25}', ('%s\r\n' % msg_string).encode('utf-8'),
+             '(~{24}', msg,
              b')\r\n' ])
 
+    def test_append_preserves_message_line_endings(self):
+        class AppendServer(SimpleIMAPHandler):
+            def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
+                payload, trailer = _read_append_literal(self, args)
+                self.server.responses.append(args + [payload, trailer])
+                self._send_tagged(tag, 'OK', 'okay')
+
+        client, server = self._setup(AppendServer)
+        server.responses = []
+        typ, _ = client.login('user', 'pass')
+        self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+
+        msg = b"one\ntwo\rthree\r\nfour"
+        self.assertEqual(len(msg), 19)
+        typ, _ = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
+        self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+        self.assertEqual(server.responses[-1],
+                         ['INBOX', '{19}', msg, b'\r\n'])
+
+        email = EmailMessage()
+        email['Subject'] = 'line endings'
+        email.set_content('body line\n')
+        msg = email.as_bytes()
+        self.assertIn(b'\n', msg)
+        self.assertNotIn(b'\r\n', msg)
+        typ, _ = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
+        self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+        self.assertEqual(server.responses[-1],
+                         ['INBOX', f'{{{len(msg)}}}', msg, b'\r\n'])
+
     def test_search_disallows_charset_in_utf8_mode(self):
         class UTF8Server(SimpleIMAPHandler):
             capabilities = 'AUTH ENABLE UTF8=ACCEPT'
@@ -925,12 +973,9 @@ def test_enable_UTF8_True_append(self):
 
         class UTF8AppendServer(self.UTF8Server):
             def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
-                self._send_textline('+')
                 self.server.response = args
-                literal = yield
-                self.server.response.append(literal)
-                literal = yield
-                self.server.response.append(literal)
+                payload, trailer = _read_append_literal(self, args)
+                self.server.response.extend([payload, trailer])
                 self._send_tagged(tag, 'OK', 'okay')
 
         with self.reaped_pair(UTF8AppendServer) as (server, client):
@@ -943,14 +988,47 @@ def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
             self.assertEqual(code, 'OK')
             self.assertEqual(client._encoding, 'utf-8')
             msg_string = 'Subject: üñí©öðé'
-            typ, data = client.append(
-                None, None, None, (msg_string + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
+            msg = (msg_string + '\n').encode('utf-8')
+            self.assertEqual(len(msg), 24)
+            typ, data = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
             self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
             self.assertEqual(server.response,
                 ['INBOX', 'UTF8',
-                 '(~{25}', ('%s\r\n' % msg_string).encode('utf-8'),
+                 '(~{24}', msg,
                  b')\r\n' ])
 
+    @threading_helper.reap_threads
+    def test_append_preserves_message_line_endings(self):
+
+        class AppendServer(SimpleIMAPHandler):
+            def cmd_APPEND(self, tag, args):
+                payload, trailer = _read_append_literal(self, args)
+                self.server.responses.append(args + [payload, trailer])
+                self._send_tagged(tag, 'OK', 'okay')
+
+        with self.reaped_pair(AppendServer) as (server, client):
+            server.responses = []
+            typ, _ = client.login('user', 'pass')
+            self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+
+            msg = b"one\ntwo\rthree\r\nfour"
+            self.assertEqual(len(msg), 19)
+            typ, _ = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
+            self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+            self.assertEqual(server.responses[-1],
+                             ['INBOX', '{19}', msg, b'\r\n'])
+
+            email = EmailMessage()
+            email['Subject'] = 'line endings'
+            email.set_content('body line\n')
+            msg = email.as_bytes()
+            self.assertIn(b'\n', msg)
+            self.assertNotIn(b'\r\n', msg)
+            typ, _ = client.append(None, None, None, msg)
+            self.assertEqual(typ, 'OK')
+            self.assertEqual(server.responses[-1],
+                             ['INBOX', f'{{{len(msg)}}}', msg, b'\r\n'])
+
     # XXX also need a test that makes sure that the Literal and Untagged_status
     # regexes uses unicode in UTF8 mode instead of the default ASCII.
 
diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS
index ee68d91f13c431..bbf76ec6c0ea15 100644
--- a/Misc/ACKS
+++ b/Misc/ACKS
@@ -975,6 +975,7 @@ Robert Kern
 Jim Kerr
 Magnus Kessler
 Lawrence Kesteloot
+Harjoth Khara
 Garvit Khatri
 Vivek Khera
 Dhiru Kholia
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-06-16-12-00-00.gh-issue-49680.7aac3b.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-06-16-12-00-00.gh-issue-49680.7aac3b.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..df53f41f90dc77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-06-16-12-00-00.gh-issue-49680.7aac3b.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+:meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.append` now sends the message verbatim instead of
+rewriting bare CR or LF bytes to CRLF.  Since :rfc:`3501` requires messages to
+use CRLF line endings, callers must now supply them themselves; for example,
+serialize :mod:`email` messages with :class:`email.policy.SMTP` (which emits
+CRLF) rather than the default policy.