diff --git a/api/observability/v1/vocabulary.json b/api/observability/v1/vocabulary.json
index 611035926..5228c6e0b 100644
--- a/api/observability/v1/vocabulary.json
+++ b/api/observability/v1/vocabulary.json
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
         "server.certificate_rejected",
         "server.cluster_secret_invalid",
         "server.command_invalid",
+        "server.component_failed",
         "server.config_file_invalid",
         "server.config_invalid",
         "server.connection_failed",
diff --git a/internal/daemon/runtime.go b/internal/daemon/runtime.go
index f62b71eb5..48e7e74a7 100644
--- a/internal/daemon/runtime.go
+++ b/internal/daemon/runtime.go
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ func serveRuntime(ctx context.Context, cfg daemonconfig.Config, options runtimeO
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return nil
 	case err := <-d.componentDone:
+		reportComponentFailure(ctx, err)
 		return err
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/daemon/runtime_test.go b/internal/daemon/runtime_test.go
index 60f80063e..7653405ba 100644
--- a/internal/daemon/runtime_test.go
+++ b/internal/daemon/runtime_test.go
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 package daemon
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgconn"
+	"github.com/tnldotdev/tnl/internal/failure"
 )
 
 func TestRoute53CredentialReadiness(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,6 +66,63 @@ func TestDaemonSupervisesAndJoinsComponents(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDaemonComponentFailureKeepsClassificationCauseAndSafeReport(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, specific := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(map[bool]string{false: "unclassified", true: "specific"}[specific], func(t *testing.T) {
+			cause := &pgconn.PgError{Code: "40001", Message: "private-test-secret"}
+			var original error = cause
+			want, retry := failure.ServerComponentFailed, failure.NoRetry
+			if specific {
+				want, retry = failure.DatabaseUnavailable, failure.RetryLater
+				original = failure.Wrap("renew database authority", want, cause)
+			}
+			var output bytes.Buffer
+			previous := log.Writer()
+			log.SetOutput(&output)
+			defer log.SetOutput(previous)
+			d := &daemon{ctx: t.Context(), componentDone: make(chan error, 1)}
+			calls := 0
+			d.start("run ingress control", func() error { calls++; return original })
+			err := <-d.componentDone
+			d.components.Wait()
+			reportComponentFailure(t.Context(), err)
+			reason, definition, ok := failure.Describe(err)
+			if !ok || reason != want || definition.Class != failure.Unavailable || definition.Retry != retry {
+				t.Fatal("component exit lost its classification or retry policy", reason, definition)
+			}
+			typed, ok := failure.Of(err)
+			if !ok || typed.Operation() != "run ingress control" || errors.Unwrap(err) != original || !errors.Is(err, cause) || calls != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("component exit lost its cause, operation, or no-restart boundary", err, calls)
+			}
+			for _, safe := range []string{output.String(), failure.SafeMessage(err, failure.ServerStartupFailed)} {
+				if strings.Contains(safe, "private-test-secret") {
+					t.Fatal("component reporting exposed a provider cause")
+				}
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(output.String(), "run ingress control reason="+string(want)) || !strings.Contains(output.String(), "sqlstate=40001") {
+				t.Fatal("component report omitted its operation, reason, or approved SQLSTATE", output.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDaemonComponentCancellationDoesNotReportFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	cancel()
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	previous := log.Writer()
+	log.SetOutput(&output)
+	defer log.SetOutput(previous)
+	d := &daemon{ctx: ctx, componentDone: make(chan error, 1)}
+	d.start("stop ingress control", func() error { return context.Canceled })
+	err := <-d.componentDone
+	d.components.Wait()
+	reportComponentFailure(ctx, err)
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || output.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("canceled component lost its cause or emitted an operational failure", err, output.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestConnectionListenerTransfersOwnership(t *testing.T) {
 	listener := newConnectionListener(&net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443})
 	server, client := net.Pipe()
diff --git a/internal/daemon/supervision.go b/internal/daemon/supervision.go
index bf442b4e8..6d4958d8c 100644
--- a/internal/daemon/supervision.go
+++ b/internal/daemon/supervision.go
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package daemon
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/tnldotdev/tnl/internal/failure"
 )
 
 func runtimeCapacity(name string, value int64) (int, error) {
@@ -19,7 +22,11 @@ func (d *daemon) start(name string, run func() error) {
 	d.components.Go(func() {
 		err := run()
 		if err != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", name, err)
+			reason, known := failure.ReasonOf(err)
+			if !known {
+				reason = failure.ServerComponentFailed
+			}
+			err = failure.Wrap(failure.Operation(name), reason, err)
 		}
 		select {
 		case d.componentDone <- err:
@@ -28,6 +35,19 @@ func (d *daemon) start(name string, run func() error) {
 	})
 }
 
+// report the selected exit before shutdown loses the component name. caller
+// cancellation stays normal control flow, not an operational fault.
+func reportComponentFailure(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	if err == nil || ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	operation := failure.Operation("run configured role")
+	if typed, ok := failure.Of(err); ok {
+		operation = typed.Operation()
+	}
+	logOperationalError(ctx, operation, failure.ServerComponentFailed, err)
+}
+
 // background tracks work that can complete without ending the process, such
 // as draining a relay after control updates its lease.
 func (d *daemon) background(run func()) {
diff --git a/internal/failure/reasons.go b/internal/failure/reasons.go
index 03d3b800c..8f5f5018f 100644
--- a/internal/failure/reasons.go
+++ b/internal/failure/reasons.go
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ const (
 	DirectDatabaseURLMissing              Reason = "server.direct_database_url_missing"
 	ServerMigrationFailed                 Reason = "server.migration_failed"
 	ServerStartupFailed                   Reason = "server.startup_failed"
+	ServerComponentFailed                 Reason = "server.component_failed"
 	ServerOutputUnavailable               Reason = "server.output_unavailable"
 	ServerWorkerFailed                    Reason = "server.worker_failed"
 	ServerIngressFailed                   Reason = "server.ingress_failed"
@@ -779,6 +780,10 @@ var definitions = map[Reason]Definition{
 		Class: Unavailable, Message: "tnld could not start the configured role",
 		Action: "check role listeners, control reachability, and required credentials", Retry: RetryAfterChange,
 	},
+	ServerComponentFailed: {
+		Class: Unavailable, Message: "a required role component stopped",
+		Action: "check the named component and its diagnostics before restarting the process", Retry: NoRetry,
+	},
 	ServerOutputUnavailable: {
 		Class: Unavailable, Message: "tnld could not write the command output",
 		Action: "check the output destination and retry", Retry: RetryAfterChange,