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Keep restored volume handles apart from the clone's new ones - #1011

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restore-handle-range
Sep 30, 2026
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ejc3 merged 2 commits into
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restore-handle-range

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@ejc3 ejc3 commented Sep 25, 2026 •

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A restored volume server's handles no longer share numbers with handles the guest held from before the snapshot, and stale handles on read-only files reopen. Part of #1009.

Contract: after a restore, handles from before the snapshot and handles opened after it each read their own file.

Change:

  • Handle base: the inode table records the highest handle issued, {"handle_base": N, "paths": {...}}. A restored RemapFs gives the guest inner + N.
  • Stale handles: a handle at or below N is reopened by inode before the request reaches the passthrough.
  • Old tables: a bare map of paths is read with N = 2^32. A server that was not restored keeps base 0.
  • Corrupt tables: a table whose N is above 2^62 is refused like a malformed one, and the inner + N addition is checked, so an open fails with EIO rather than handing the guest a wrapped number.
  • Other paths: the destination handle of copy and remap requests is translated, directory reopens accept Openeddir, and a reopen falls back from O_RDWR to O_RDONLY and O_WRONLY.

Evidence:

make test-unit                                          1346 passed
make test-all FILTER="-E 'binary(test_portable_volumes)'"   8 passed

Before the change:

restored_handles_do_not_collide_with_new_ones: a new handle reused the number the guest holds from before the snapshot  left: 6 right: 6
test_restored_handle_does_not_read_a_new_handles_file: ["fd4 B", "fd5 B", "fd6 B", "fd7 B", "fd8 B", "fd9 EMPTY"]
a_restored_handle_on_a_read_only_file_reopens: left: Err(Error { errno: 9 })
a_handle_base_that_could_wrap_a_handle_is_refused: left: 18446744073709551614 right: 4294967296

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes
    • Improved access to files held open across volume snapshots. Restored volumes can reopen existing files using supported access modes, while newly opened files are less likely to conflict with restored handles.
    • Releasing a stale file or directory handle now succeeds when possible; invalid handle translations continue to return an error.
    • Improved compatibility when restoring older saved handle tables.

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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

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Configuration used: defaults

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Run ID: 8c1741b6-7c9f-42fc-8141-2afd7a95ef15

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 143cbe1 and 7670115.

📒 Files selected for processing (3)
  • fuse-pipe/src/protocol/request.rs
  • fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs
  • tests/test_portable_volumes.rs

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The change adds destination-handle accessors, persists and restores a guest handle base, and updates RemapFs to translate handles and reopen stale handles. Tests cover legacy table parsing, read-only file reopening, handle collisions, and handle use across snapshots.

Changes

Restored handle remapping

Layer / File(s) Summary
Persist and restore handle metadata
fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs
Serialized tables now contain handle_base and paths. Parsing accepts the new table shape and legacy path maps. Restored instances clamp the handle base to at least 1.
Translate and reopen guest handles
fuse-pipe/src/protocol/request.rs, fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs, tests/test_portable_volumes.rs
Request helpers expose destination handles for copy-range and remap-range requests. RemapFs offsets issued handles, translates request and response handles, and reopens stale handles. Tests cover read-only file reopening, distinct handles after restore, and reads from handles opened on the clone.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~40 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Guest
  participant RemapFs
  participant InnerFilesystem
  Guest->>RemapFs: Send request with guest handle
  RemapFs->>RemapFs: Compare handle with restored handle base
  RemapFs->>InnerFilesystem: Reopen stale handle by inode or translate guest handle
  InnerFilesystem-->>RemapFs: Return response with inner handle
  RemapFs-->>Guest: Return response with guest handle
Loading

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 76701

The change separates restored handles from newly opened handles. No actionable merge-blocking risk was identified; it is ready to merge subject to normal checks.

Security Architecture Review

Security architecture risk: 🔵 Low · up to 76701

The change improves separation between restored handles and newly opened files. Remaining uncertainty concerns permission preservation during recovery and compatibility when reverting to an older version. No introduced security vulnerability was established.

Retained concerns
No architecture-level concerns identified.

Security review details

Security Blast Radius

  • inferred — The demonstrated affected scope is the restored portable volume and its mapped files. Both copy/remap endpoints remain within the wrapped filesystem's inode mappings; no new cross-volume, tenant, service, or environment access path was established.

Security Findings and Attack Paths

  • inferred — A manipulated stale destination handle can enter privileged recovery before reaching copy/remap sinks. Whether this grants authority unavailable before restore depends on caller control, guest-side access checks, and backend enforcement. Those conditions were not established sufficiently to retain an introduced vulnerability; the pre-existing recovery behavior is not itself evidence of a new exploit.

Trust Boundaries and Controls

  • observed — Unknown stable inodes fail before dispatch, copy/remap destination translation is independent of source translation, and checked response arithmetic prevents wrapped handles. The recovery cache remains keyed only by numeric guest handle, leaving inode-pair enforcement to the underlying filesystem rather than establishing it in the cache.

Resilience and Maintainability Implications

  • observed — Concurrent recovery attempts release the losing reopened descriptor. Stale release removes the cached mapping and returns success regardless of the inner release response. These mechanisms define cleanup ownership, but failed-provider cleanup and interruption behavior were not verified.

Hardening Proposals

  • proposed — If raw volume requests are intended to carry independently enforceable file capabilities, persist the original inode and access mode for recovery and validate them before reopening. This is a conditional hardening proposal, not a verified finding.
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: preventing restored volume handles from colliding with handles opened by the clone.
Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed Docstring coverage is 82.76% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 29 functions across 3 files.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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📝 Code Review ✅ Completed 2026-09-25T18:38:27.901732Z 2650971 PR opened
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@ejc3
ejc3 force-pushed the restore-handle-range branch from 2650971 to e145aaa Compare September 29, 2026 19:21
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ejc3 commented Sep 29, 2026

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A restored RemapFs passed the guest's handles straight to a new
PassthroughFs, whose handle table numbers from 1 again. A handle the guest
held from before the snapshot was reopened on its first EBADF and remembered
as old -> new, and a handle the clone opened later with the same number was
translated through that entry to the reopened old file, where
fuse-backend-rs rejected it with EBADF. The reopen also always asked for
O_RDWR, so a held handle on a file the server may only read never reopened.

The inode table now records the highest handle its server gave the guest
(`{"handle_base": N, "paths": {...}}`). A restored RemapFs gives the guest
inner handle + N, so its handles never share a number with one from before
the restore, and it treats every handle at or below N as stale: reopened by
inode before the request reaches the passthrough, and released as what it
was reopened as. A table from before this change, a bare map of paths, is
read with a base of 2^32, above any handle a server numbering from 1 has
given out. A server that was not restored keeps base 0, so its handles are
unchanged. The destination handle of copy_file_range and remap_file_range is
translated the same way, directory reopens now accept Openeddir, and a
reopen falls back to O_RDONLY and O_WRONLY when O_RDWR is refused.

Tested:
  make test-unit FILTER="-E 'test(/remap::tests/)'"
  22 tests run: 22 passed
  make test-all FILTER="-E 'binary(test_portable_volumes)'"
  8 tests run: 8 passed

Before the change:
  restored_handles_do_not_collide_with_new_ones
    assertion `left != right` failed: a new handle reused the number the
    guest holds from before the snapshot  left: 6  right: 6
  test_restored_handle_does_not_read_a_new_handles_file
    handles the clone opened on another file after the restore did not all
    read that file: ["fd4 B", "fd5 B", "fd6 B", "fd7 B", "fd8 B", "fd9 EMPTY"]
  a_restored_handle_on_a_read_only_file_reopens
    left: Err(Error { errno: 9 })
@ejc3
ejc3 force-pushed the restore-handle-range branch from e145aaa to d6ab3c3 Compare September 29, 2026 21:35
Base automatically changed from snapshot-create-inode-tables to main September 29, 2026 22:28
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ejc3 commented Sep 29, 2026

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@coderabbitai full review

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Actionable comments posted: 1

🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs (1)

746-750: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 💤 Low value

Access-mode fallback can make read-only reopened handles serve writes as errors, and it removes the old EBADF retry.

The reopen now tries O_RDWR, then O_RDONLY, then O_WRONLY. It keeps the first mode that succeeds. The unwrap_or_else(|| open(libc::O_RDONLY)) branch repeats a call that already failed, so it adds no value. Remove it and return the last error.

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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.

Review comment at @fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs around lines 746 - 750:
Update the access-mode selection around `open` to try each listed mode once,
return the first successful result, and return the last failed result if all
attempts fail; remove the repeated `O_RDONLY` fallback.

  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
Review comments at @fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs:
- Line 706: Replace the unchecked handle-base addition in the remapping path
with checked addition and return EIO if it overflows, ensuring any acquired
inner handle is released on that failure path. In parse_table, reject persisted
handle_base values above a sane bound.

---

Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs:
- Around line 746-750: Update the access-mode selection around `open` to try
each listed mode once, return the first successful result, and return the last
failed result if all attempts fail; remove the repeated `O_RDONLY` fallback.

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Run ID: b9d108b7-8bea-4e09-a18b-02b9bdb003d0

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 143cbe1 and d6ab3c3.

📒 Files selected for processing (3)
  • fuse-pipe/src/protocol/request.rs
  • fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs
  • tests/test_portable_volumes.rs

Included review availability: This review used your included allowance. Your plan provides up to 1 included review per hour; 0 remain after this review.

Comment thread fuse-pipe/src/server/remap.rs Outdated
The handle base comes from the snapshot's table, and a corrupt table can
carry any number. A base near u64::MAX made the guest handle for a new
open wrap to a number at or below the base, which the server then treats
as a stale handle and reopens by inode, losing the open's mode. A table
with a base above 1 << 62 is now refused like any malformed table, and
the addition is checked: an open whose handle would wrap fails with EIO.

Tested: a_handle_base_that_could_wrap_a_handle_is_refused, before:
"left: 18446744073709551614, right: 4294967296"; after, passes.
make clippy clean; make test-unit 1346 of 1346;
make test-root FILTER="-E 'binary(test_portable_volumes)'" 8 of 8.

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RED-VERIFIED: CodeRabbit's review body carries one finding, the handle-base overflow, closed by server::remap::tests::a_handle_base_that_could_wrap_a_handle_is_refused in 7670115. NOT-A-DEFECT for its walkthrough and its reply to the review request, which carry no finding.

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NOT-A-DEFECT: description updated for 7670115 and the retarget to main; no code change.

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ejc3 commented Sep 30, 2026

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@coderabbitai full review

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✅ Action performed

Full review finished.

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NOT-A-DEFECT: CodeRabbit's full review of 7670115 generated no actionable comments; the walkthrough carries no finding.

@ejc3
ejc3 merged commit 1525745 into main Sep 30, 2026
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@ejc3
ejc3 deleted the restore-handle-range branch September 30, 2026 00:54
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