feat: add support for go 1.27

[giortzisg]

Description

This adds support for go 1.27 and bumps the minimum supported version of the sdk to 1.26.

Issues

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Reminders

• Add GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• PR title should use conventional commit style (feat:, fix:, ref:, meta:)
• For external contributors: CONTRIBUTING.md, Sentry SDK development docs, Discord community

[sentry-junior]

Looks good to me. Min Go is consistently 1.26 across modules/workspace, CI matrix is 1.26+1.27 with tidy/race on latest, and the race-test Emit → Emitf swap matches the format-string API. All checks green.