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Refactor: make a Graph boundary scalar a formal parameter - #2160

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poursoul:refactor/hbg-retire-writable-scalar-slot
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Refactor: make a Graph boundary scalar a formal parameter#2160
poursoul wants to merge 7 commits into
hw-native-sys:mainfrom
poursoul:refactor/hbg-retire-writable-scalar-slot

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@poursoul poursoul commented Sep 8, 2026

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What

Makes a Graph boundary scalar a formal parameter of the recorded body, and
tightens Arg's surface to match.

Six commits, each standalone:

  1. Refactor: retire the writable scalar slot and its invalidation machinery
    The non-const Arg::scalar() had no legal caller — a Graph body that wrote
    through it marked the whole recording unsupported, and the only in-repo user
    was the test written for that rejection. Removing the entry removes
    scalar_sources_invalidated_, invalidated_scalar_source(), the
    INVALIDATED_BOUNDARY source kind and its three consumers.

    Also: copy_scalars_from accepted only its own instantiation, so the
    boundary-forwarding idiom GRAPH_EXECUTION.md recommends had never
    compiled. And a successful orchestration compile's stderr now reaches the
    reader through warnings.warn, which pytest reports with no flag — it used
    to go to a DEBUG log line nothing displays.

  2. Refactor: make a Graph boundary scalar a formal parameter
    The defect this PR exists for: a body that read a boundary scalar and one
    that read a constant were the same thing in the type system. Recording
    recovered the difference by comparing the host address the caller happened to
    pass against the boundary's slot range, so a body that loaded a parameter
    into a local and forwarded the local recorded a constant instead —
    silently — and every later replay reused that stale value.

    A slot is now a ScalarSource (a union of an origin pointer and a value,
    discriminated by Arg::scalar_inherited(i)), and Arg::scalar(i) hands out
    an InheritableScalar naming that origin rather than the value. Forwarding
    one keeps the inheritance; reading its number goes through a deprecated
    conversion
    , so the point where a body drops a parameter is now a compiler
    diagnostic instead of a silent behaviour change.

  3. Refactor: close Arg's public surface down to its API
    Nine members sat in public sections. tensors_/tags_ are the same class of
    hazard scalars_ was already held back for: a TensorRef's active union
    member is selected by tags_[i], so a raw read is undefined behaviour when
    the tag says otherwise. has_error/error_msg become accessors; Arg
    becomes a class; copy_scalars_from is removed.

  4. Fix: give a boundary parameter one spelling for reading its value
    static_cast<DataType>(args.scalar(i)) did not compile: a conversion to an
    enumeration does not accept a user-defined one on the way, so the operator
    that makes an integral read merely warn could not be reached at all. That
    is InheritableScalar::to<T>() now, and Arg::static_scalar<T>(i) is gone
    with it — one entry point rather than two for a single idea.

  5. Refactor: make Arg's storage base private
    Commit 3 closed Arg's own scope but not the storage: a public base is
    reachable by an implicit derived-to-base conversion, through which the
    members are public again however the derived class hides their names. The
    base is private now, its API re-exported one name at a time, with a
    static_assert on the non-convertibility holding it there.

  6. Refactor: set a wire scalar-inheritance entry's two fields together
    A private constructor stopped inconsistent construction but left both
    fields public afterwards. They are private now, behind accessors.

Why the deprecated conversion

InheritableScalar::operator uint64_t() is marked [[deprecated]] on purpose.
-Wdeprecated-declarations is on by default in GCC (not gated behind -Wall),
so every site that reads a boundary parameter as a number now warns at the
exact line that freezes it. Forwarding stays silent, and
args.scalar(i).to<T>() is the spelling for a value read that is deliberate.

This surfaces existing orchestration read sites. They are correct today (they
read parameters that genuinely are constants at that point) and migrate to
to<T>() separately — the warning is the inventory, not a regression.

One limit on that inventory. GCC suppresses a deprecation diagnostic
instantiated inside a system header, so a value read whose conversion happens
in third-party template code stays silent. EXPECT_EQ(args.scalar(i), v) is the
case found in this PR's own tests: gtest takes both operands by reference and
compares them inside its header, so the conversion never appears at a line in
repo code. The warning is therefore an inventory of the value reads written in
this repo
, which is what the migration needs, but it is not a proof that no
value read exists. Making the conversion explicit would close that gap at the
cost of breaking every existing read site at once; that is a separate decision.

Chain folding

scalar(i) returns an already-inherited slot's origin rather than the slot,
so an inheritance chain is always exactly one link: C inheriting B
inheriting A records A directly. Recording resolves it with a single
subtraction against the boundary's slot base — the same subtraction that proves
the origin belongs to this boundary.

An origin that is not a parameter of the recording's own boundary is recorded as
a static value rather than rejected: a Definition's inheritance entries index
its own boundary alone, so nothing else can be refreshed on replay, and the value
the slot already resolved is what the image should carry.

Wire format

GraphScalarInheritance replaces the GraphScalarSourceKind +
GraphScalarSourceRef pair. Recording knows two things about a slot — whether it
inherits, and which parameter it inherits — so a bool and an index say both.
Both fields are private behind inherited() / boundary_index() and are set
only together, through self_value() / from_boundary(), so an entry claiming
to inherit while naming no parameter cannot be spelled.

That is a statement about the type, not about the number. The index is a claim
about a boundary the entry cannot see, so what keeps it in range is unchanged and
still necessary: the packer bounds it against the recording's own boundary, and
materialize bounds it again against the invocation's.

copy_scalars_from removal

Forwarding a boundary scalar is add_scalar(args.scalar(i)). An
InheritableScalar holds a bare origin pointer, so it crosses two Arg
capacities without either naming the other — which is what made
copy_scalars_from a template over the source's capacities, and what made it
need a cross-instantiation friend. Neither is left.

pypto and pypto-lib hold no call site (checked at a18c4cf9 / 56c01e1).
The tensormap_and_ringbuffer copies are untouched.

Test

  • cpput: 135/135
  • tests/st/a2a3/host_build_graph on a2a3sim: 12 passed, 7 skipped
  • a2a3 onboard: the run that caught the static_cast<DataType> failure; re-run
    pending

New cases in test_hbg_graph_cache.cpp cover the provenance rules: a forwarded
scalar retains its boundary source, folding keeps a chain at one hop through an
intermediary, a value scalar holds its own value, and an origin outside the
boundary records as static. A static_assert pins that Arg is not convertible
to its storage base.

The non-const Arg::scalar() had no legal caller. A Graph body that wrote
through it produced an INVALIDATED_BOUNDARY source, which marked the
whole recording unsupported, and the only in-repo user was the unit test
written for that rejection. Removing the entry removes the reason for
everything behind it: scalar_sources_invalidated_,
invalidated_scalar_source(), the INVALIDATED_BOUNDARY source kind, and
the three branches that consumed it. Readers of scalar() resolve to the
const overload unchanged.

copy_scalars_from now accepts an Arg of any capacity. It was declared
against its own instantiation, so forwarding a Graph boundary scalar
into a task's CoreTaskArgs -- the idiom GRAPH_EXECUTION.md recommends --
has never compiled, which is why the repo holds no call site for it.

A successful orchestration compile's stderr now reaches the reader
through warnings.warn, which pytest reports with no flag given. It went
to a DEBUG log line that nothing displays: pytest hides logger output
below ERROR unless --log-cli-level is passed, and the resource
scheduler's child processes do not inherit that option. The kernel
toolchains stay on the quiet path, since they carry pre-existing
warnings that would bury the ones this exists to show.

GRAPH_EXECUTION.md drops the paragraphs describing the removed
invalidation rule, and names GraphTaskArgs rather than CoreTaskArgs as
the type a Graph function receives.
A body that read a boundary scalar and one that read a constant were the
same thing in the type system: both a uint64_t in the same slot array.
Recording recovered the difference by comparing the host address the
caller happened to pass against the boundary's slot range, so a body that
loaded a parameter into a local and forwarded the local recorded a
constant instead, silently, and every later replay reused that stale
value.

A slot is now a ScalarSource -- a union of an origin pointer and a value,
discriminated by Arg::scalar_inherited(i) -- and Arg::scalar(i) hands out
an InheritableScalar naming that origin rather than the value. Forwarding
one keeps the inheritance; reading its number goes through a deprecated
conversion, so the point where a body drops a parameter is a compiler
diagnostic. scalar(i) folds an already-inherited slot to its own origin,
so a chain is one hop deep and recording resolves it with a single
subtraction -- the same subtraction that proves the origin is a parameter
of this boundary.

An origin that is not such a parameter is recorded as a static value
rather than rejected. A Definition's inheritance entries index its own
boundary alone, so no other slot can be refreshed on replay, and the
value the slot already resolved is what the image should carry.

GraphScalarInheritance replaces the GraphScalarSourceKind and
GraphScalarSourceRef pair. Recording knows two things about a slot --
whether it inherits, and which parameter it inherits -- so a bool and an
index say both, and the constructor sits behind self_value() and
from_boundary() so no wire entry can be assembled carrying an index that
means nothing.

TaskPayload::init resolves through pack_scalars() instead of a bulk
memcpy of the slot array. An inherited slot's word is a host pointer,
where the device's scalar pool is an array of values.
Arg was a struct whose storage was reachable from outside it. Nine members
sat in public sections: the base-class using declarations for tensors_,
tags_ and the two counts, has_error and error_msg, and the three
codegen-author knobs that already had matching accessors.

Neither array is readable without the discriminator that sits beside it --
a TensorRef's active union member is selected by tags_[i], a
ScalarSource's by scalar_inherited_[i] -- so reading one raw is the same
class of undefined behaviour that scalars_ was already held back to
prevent.

has_error and error_msg become has_error_ and error_msg_ behind
has_error() and error_msg(). Every caller was already a read, and the
using declarations in both arg_with_deps.h forward the accessor under the
same name. launch_spec stays public: its call sites are the codegen
contract and its generator lives in another repository.

Arg is a class rather than a struct, so its base is spelled public
explicitly and both friend declarations follow the tag. Functions and
members sit in separate runs instead of alternating.

copy_scalars_from is removed. Forwarding a boundary scalar is
add_scalar(args.scalar(i)), and an InheritableScalar holds a bare origin
pointer, so it crosses two Arg capacities without either naming the other
-- which is what made the function a template over the source's
capacities, and what made it need a friend declaration to read another
instantiation's slots. Neither is left. pypto and pypto-lib hold no call
site; of the two cases that used it, the chain-folding one forwards
through add_scalar instead and the capacity-crossing one duplicated
ForwardedScalarRetainsBoundarySource, which crosses the same two
capacities.
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The change replaces scalar source descriptors with inheritance metadata across graph arguments, recording, graph images, and execution. It updates callers and tests for the new API. It also adds opt-in compiler diagnostic warnings for orchestration shared-library builds.

Changes

Graph scalar inheritance

Layer / File(s) Summary
Scalar argument contract
src/common/host_build_graph/types.h
Arg stores scalar values or inherited origins. It provides scalar packing, resolution, and error accessors.
Inheritance wire format
src/common/host_build_graph/graph_execution.h
GraphScalarInheritance replaces source-kind descriptors and records boundary indices or self-owned values.
Recording and graph image construction
src/common/host_build_graph/host/orchestrator.cpp
The orchestrator classifies scalar origins, validates inheritance indices, and writes inheritance metadata into graph images.
Packing and execution resolution
src/common/host_build_graph/graph_recorder_pool.h, src/common/host_build_graph/runtime_types.h, src/common/host_build_graph/device/graph_execution.cpp
Submission and payload paths resolve inherited scalars. Device execution resolves boundary or definition values from GraphScalarInheritance.
API migration and validation
src/a2a3/runtime/host_build_graph/orchestration/*, src/a5/runtime/host_build_graph/orchestration/*, src/common/host_build_graph/graph_cache.h, src/common/host_build_graph/docs/GRAPH_EXECUTION.md, tests/ut/cpp/common/*
Callers use error accessor methods, scalar-copy forwarding is removed, documentation reflects parameter forwarding, and tests cover provenance and packing.

Compiler diagnostic surfacing

Layer / File(s) Summary
Opt-in compiler warnings
simpler_setup/kernel_compiler.py
Successful compiler stderr can be emitted as warnings when surface_diagnostics is enabled. Orchestration shared-library compilation enables the option.

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 7ae55

The Graph examples currently do not compile and may mislead users about scalar forwarding, but the implementation itself has no confirmed blocking defect.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant GraphTaskArgs
  participant Orchestrator
  participant GraphDefinition
  participant DeviceExecution
  GraphTaskArgs->>Orchestrator: submit scalar arguments
  Orchestrator->>Orchestrator: classify scalar inheritance
  Orchestrator->>GraphDefinition: write inheritance metadata and packed values
  GraphDefinition->>DeviceExecution: materialize graph image
  DeviceExecution->>GraphDefinition: resolve boundary or definition scalar
Loading
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 31.88% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 69 functions across 14 files. (1 skipped:… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: Graph boundary scalars become formal parameters.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the scalar inheritance refactor, API changes, wire-format update, diagnostics, tests, and related objectives.
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 31.88% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 69 functions across 14 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)


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Origins stay where they belong
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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@src/common/host_build_graph/docs/GRAPH_EXECUTION.md`:
- Line 48: Update both Graph examples to use GraphTaskArgs for every Graph
boundary parameter, including the Graph body and rt_submit_graph wrapper, while
retaining CoreTaskArgs for in-graph task arguments. Preserve
add_scalar(args.scalar(0)) for replay-time inheritance and describe it as a
forwarded parameter rather than the current invocation’s value.

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  • simpler_setup/kernel_compiler.py
  • src/a2a3/runtime/host_build_graph/orchestration/arg_with_deps.h
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  • src/a5/runtime/host_build_graph/orchestration/arg_with_deps.h
  • src/a5/runtime/host_build_graph/orchestration/orchestration_api.h
  • src/common/host_build_graph/device/graph_execution.cpp
  • src/common/host_build_graph/docs/GRAPH_EXECUTION.md
  • src/common/host_build_graph/graph_cache.h
  • src/common/host_build_graph/graph_execution.h
  • src/common/host_build_graph/graph_recorder_pool.h
  • src/common/host_build_graph/host/orchestrator.cpp
  • src/common/host_build_graph/runtime_types.h
  • src/common/host_build_graph/types.h
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Comment thread src/common/host_build_graph/docs/GRAPH_EXECUTION.md Outdated
static_cast<DataType>(args.scalar(i)) did not compile. A conversion to an
enumeration does not accept a user-defined conversion on the way, so the
operator that makes an ordinary integral read merely warn could not be
reached at all. paged_attention_unroll is the one such site in the tree,
and it failed the a2a3 onboard scene tests.

InheritableScalar::to<T>() is that read, and Arg::static_scalar<T>(i) is
gone with it. One entry point rather than two for a single idea: scalar(i)
answers the parameter, .to<T>() answers its value, and the deprecated
conversion is what an accidental read still lands on. The two spellings
were equivalent anyway, since scalar(i) folds to an origin that holds its
own value by invariant.

GRAPH_EXECUTION.md drops the paragraph directing readers to
add_static_scalar(v), which no code has ever defined, and records that
to<T>() is the only spelling reaching an enum.
A public base is reachable by an implicit derived-to-base conversion, and
its members are public through that reference however the derived class
hides their names: static_cast<const Base &>(args).tags_ read the tag array
the accessors exist to mediate, so closing Arg's own scope left the storage
open. Nothing in the tree converts an Arg to its base, so the base is
private now and its API re-exported one name at a time -- tensor,
tensor_count, tensor_data, tag, tag_data, scalar_count. A static_assert on
the non-convertibility holds it there.

Three EXPECT_EQ calls read a parameter as a value -- the shape this work
exists to make visible -- and produced no diagnostic. The conversion happens
inside gtest's own header, and GCC suppresses a deprecation instantiated in
a system header. So the warning is an inventory of the value reads written
in this repo's own code, not of every value read: one reached through a
system-header template stays silent. They read through to<T>() now, which
also lets the float slot be compared as a float rather than as the bit
pattern it stores.

add_scalars(nullptr, 0) is gone from ZeroInitialisedSlotsReadAsStaticZero. It
was a no-op that reached memcpy(dst, nullptr, 0), undefined however the
length reads.

Two comments described the file as it no longer is: the class banner named
uint64_t as the slot type, and the private using block still credited the
friend declaration that left with copy_scalars_from.
A private constructor kept the pair from being built inconsistently, but
left both fields public afterwards, so `entry.inherited = true` on an entry
that names no parameter was still a legal statement. The fields are private
now, behind inherited() and boundary_index(), and every field shares one
access level so the type stays standard-layout and safe to memcpy to the
device.

The index is still a claim about a boundary this entry cannot see, so what
holds it in range is unchanged: the packer bounds it against the recording's
own boundary, and materialize bounds it again against the invocation's.
Making the type unable to hold a contradiction is not the same as making the
number right, and only the second one needs those checks.

reserved_ is named and set rather than left to implicit padding, so all four
bytes an entry occupies in the image are written.
@poursoul
poursoul force-pushed the refactor/hbg-retire-writable-scalar-slot branch from 4491fa7 to 34bcec9 Compare September 8, 2026 09:36
Both examples declared their Graph boundary parameter as CoreTaskArgs, which
no rt_submit_graph overload accepts: GraphFunction is
void (*)(const GraphTaskArgs &), and the two Arg instantiations differ in
capacity and are non-copyable, so neither example compiles as written. The
in-graph task arguments stay CoreTaskArgs, and the opening line now names
which type belongs on which side.

The forwarding comment states what the slot is rather than what it held at
record time: it names the boundary parameter every replay re-reads.
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