Add core framework support for non-annual simulation durations

[jaredthomas68]

Core framework support for non-annual simulation durations

This PR is the second of a stack of PRs enabling non-annual simulation durations in H2Integrate (built on top of the resource resampling work in H2Integrate PR NatLabRockies#893 and preceding the technology-model adoption PR).

Key changes:

1. Simulation duration validation: load_plant_yaml now permits positive durations up to plant_life (sub-annual, single-year, or multi-year).
2. Model-level duration checks: Adds check_model_simulation_duration and _simulation_duration_bounds ((min, max) in years, defaulting to (1.0, 1.0)) on base classes so existing models safely remain protected at annual-only until explicitly validated.
3. Annualization helpers: Adds PerformanceModelBaseClass.calculate_annual_cf_and_replacement_schedule() and CostModelBaseClass.calculate_annual_varopex() to project capacity factors, component replacements, and variable OpEx across plant life.
4. ProFAST unit conversion fix: Replaces hardcoded 24/8760 multipliers with explicit OpenMDAO unit conversions between rate and amount units, avoiding double-conversion bugs with nonstandard price units.

Section 1: Type of Contribution

• Feature Enhancement
  • Framework
  • New Model
  • Updated Model
  • Tools/Utilities
  • Other (please describe):
• Bug Fix
• Documentation Update
• CI Changes
• Other (please describe):

Section 2: Draft PR Checklist

• Open draft PR
• Describe the feature that will be added
• Fill out TODO list steps
• Describe requested feedback from reviewers on draft PR
• [-] Complete Section 8: New Model Checklist (if applicable)

TODO:

• Implement core annualization helpers and simulation-duration checks
• Unit test framework validation and baseclass helper methods
• Document model attribute bounds and annualization methods in developer guide

Type of Reviewer Feedback Requested (on Draft PR)

Structural feedback:

• Architecture of _simulation_duration_bounds checking parallel to _time_step_bounds
• Implementation of calculate_annual_cf_and_replacement_schedule and calculate_annual_varopex

Section 3: General PR Checklist

• PR description thoroughly describes the new feature, bug fix, etc.
• Added tests for new functionality or bug fixes
• Tests pass (If not, and this is expected, please elaborate in the Section 6: Test Results)
• Documentation
  • Docstrings are up-to-date
  • Related docs/ files are up-to-date, or added when necessary
  • Documentation has been rebuilt successfully
  • [-] Examples have been updated (if applicable)
    • Example 24 demonstrating non-annual simulation is included in the follow-up PR that adopts these bounds across individual models.
• CHANGELOG.md
  • At least one complete sentence has been provided to describe the changes made in this PR
  • [.] Hyperlink provided to PR

Section 4: Related Issues

Partially resolves NatLabRockies#204

Section 5: Impacted Areas of the Software

Section 5.1: New Files

• None.

Section 5.2: Modified Files

• h2integrate/core/inputs/validation.py
  • Allows positive simulation durations up to plant_life.
• h2integrate/core/model_checks.py
  • Adds check_model_simulation_duration to validate simulation length against _simulation_duration_bounds.
• h2integrate/core/model_baseclass.py
  • Adds _simulation_duration_bounds defaults and helpers calculate_annual_cf_and_replacement_schedule and calculate_annual_varopex.
• h2integrate/core/h2integrate_model.py
  • Calls check_model_simulation_duration alongside time-step checks for all technology, feedstock, and transport components.
• h2integrate/control/control_strategies/openloop_control_baseclass.py
  • Sets default _simulation_duration_bounds = (1.0, 1.0).
• h2integrate/control/control_strategies/pyomo_storage_controller_baseclass.py
  • Sets default _simulation_duration_bounds = (1.0, 1.0).
• h2integrate/control/control_rules/pyomo_rule_baseclass.py
  • Sets default _simulation_duration_bounds = (1.0, 1.0).
• h2integrate/finances/profast_baseclass.py & profast_npv.py
  • Fixes amount/rate unit conversions for capacity and total production.
• h2integrate/core/test/test_framework.py
  • Tests duration bounds validation and error handling.
• h2integrate/core/test/test_model_baseclasses.py
  • Unit tests for annualization and replacement schedule projection helpers.
• h2integrate/finances/test/ (test_finances.py, test_profast_lco.py, test_profast_npv.py)
  • Validates ProFAST unit conversions with standard and custom price units.
• docs/intro.md, docs/developer_guide/class_structure.md, docs/developer_guide/adding_a_new_technology.md, docs/developer_guide/features_not_currently_implemented.md
  • Updates documentation on simulation duration bounds and annualization helpers.

Section 6: Additional Supporting Information

Subsequent PR will widen _simulation_duration_bounds on specific concrete models (solar, battery, grid, demand, combiners) and demonstrate non-annual runs in Example 24.

Section 7: Test Results, if applicable

Targeted core framework, model baseclass, and finance tests all pass.