[Thecave3]

Summary

• test_bench_encoding_size gains --sizes-only (no timing; each PDU is decoded and re-encoded and a byte mismatch is reported) and --no-timestamp (leaves the optional E3-PDU envelope timestamp off the wire). Its DAppReport and XAppControlAction samples now set sequence_id = 1: the field is mandatory with range 1..4294967295, and the zero sample made the APER encoder fail on both.
• New test_bench_encoding_wire measures sizes only, one mode per run: --payload (wire size against opaque payload size), --values (min/typical/max per PDU and one-parameter sweeps over ids, id-list lengths, RAN function count and optional-field presence), --fields (APER cost per field group by differential encoding), --e2sm (E2SM-DAPP element sizes around an E3 payload, and the size of each golden vector) and --dump (the encoded PDUs, for offline parsing and compression). No sockets and no timing.
• PDUs an encoder rejects are written as NA. This shows that the APER encoder cannot encode a PDU larger than its fixed 65,536-byte output buffer (for example a SetupResponse with 60 or more functions of 256 + 256 ids, or ranFunctionData of about 65,500 bytes), while protobuf and JSON can. That limit is not changed here and will be filed separately.

Type of change

• Test / CI / packaging

Twin-repo coordination

• This PR does not change the E3 wire protocol or public ABI, OR a paired PR exists in each affected twin repo (link below).
• This PR does not change the wire format or a behavior a peer (OAI, Aerial, OCUDU) can observe, OR I added a row to the change ledger in docs/interop.md.

Paired PR(s): none, tests and CMake only.

Local checks

• Branch is on top of origin/main (af98e5c), linear, no merge commits.
• Clean Release build with ASN.1, JSON, protobuf, tests, integration tests and examples on, in libe3-dev:24.04 (aarch64): ctest passes 43/43, including test_bench_encoding_wire (runs --values) and test_bench_encoding_size. The build was made on 75c4e1c; the one commit since then only changes .github/scripts/detect_code_changes.sh.
• python3 scripts/check_commit_trailers.py --base origin/main --head HEAD passes.
• Not run: the Debug build, the MPMC benchmark, an independent per-commit build of the first commit, and the Docs check (no documentation input is touched).

[github-actions]

CI report — 6d97ab4 — ✅ all checks passed

Workflow	Result	Time	Run
Build libe3py wheels	✅ success	13m10s	#42
Commit policy	✅ success	3m31s	#207
Docs	✅ success	0m36s	#14
E2E dApp Integration	✅ success	5m30s	#196
E2E Topologies (multi-dApp / multi-RAN)	✅ success	3m38s	#194
Full-loop Latency Benchmark	✅ success	2m12s	#195
Unit Tests	✅ success	6m49s	#222
latrec portability	⏭️ not triggered (paths filter)	—	—
MPMC Queue Benchmark	⏭️ not triggered (paths filter)	—	—

E2E Topologies (multi-dApp / multi-RAN)

zmq/ipc

• ✅ 1 RAN - 1 dApp: indications=5
  • dapp peer=t11 ran=ran-solo sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0 max=0 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
• ✅ 1 RAN - 2 dApps: dApp#1 ind=5 sub=1, dApp#2 ind=6 sub=2, RAN saw 2 dApps
  • dapp1 peer=t12 ran=ran-shared sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.2 max=1 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
  • dapp2 peer=t12 ran=ran-shared sub=2 indications=6 seq=[0..5] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.166667 max=1 @seq=0) hist[<=1:6 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
• ✅ 2 RANs - 1 dApp: from ran-a ind=5, from ran-b ind=5
  • dapp peer=t2a ran=ran-a sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.6 max=1 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
  • dapp peer=t2b ran=ran-b sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0 max=0 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]

zmq/tcp

• ✅ 1 RAN - 1 dApp: indications=5
  • dapp peer=default ran=ran-solo sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.2 max=1 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
• ✅ 1 RAN - 2 dApps: dApp#1 ind=5 sub=1, dApp#2 ind=6 sub=2, RAN saw 2 dApps
  • dapp1 peer=default ran=ran-shared sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.8 max=1 @seq=1) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
  • dapp2 peer=default ran=ran-shared sub=2 indications=6 seq=[0..5] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.833333 max=1 @seq=1) hist[<=1:6 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
• ✅ 2 RANs - 1 dApp: from ran-a ind=5, from ran-b ind=5
  • dapp peer=default ran=ran-a sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0 max=0 @seq=0) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]
  • dapp peer=off100 ran=ran-b sub=1 indications=5 seq=[0..4] dropped=0 (0%) age_ms(avg=0.8 max=1 @seq=1) hist[<=1:5 2-5:0 6-10:0 >10:0]

E2E dApp Integration

✅ posix/ipc

• dApp exit: 0
• Indications received: 7

✅ posix/tcp

• dApp exit: 0
• Indications received: 7

✅ zmq/ipc

• dApp exit: 0
• Indications received: 7

✅ zmq/tcp

• dApp exit: 0
• Indications received: 7

Full-loop Latency Benchmark

Full-loop latency

Full-loop latency benchmark (N=1051 after 50 warmup)

All values in microseconds (μs). Link: zmq, transport: ipc, encoding: ASN.1 APER.

#	Description	Tags	mean	p50	p99	max
1	Collect indication data	RECORD_BEGIN to ENCODE_E3SM_BEGIN	0.19	0.09	0.21	13.47
2	Create & encode indication	ENCODE_E3SM_BEGIN to ENCODE_E3SM_DONE	0.85	0.53	13.28	30.25
3	Encode E3AP (indication)	EMIT_ENTER to ENQUEUE, then DEQUEUE to ENCODE_E3AP_DONE	2.41	1.97	13.57	16.73
4	Queuing (indication)	ENQUEUE to DEQUEUE	6.47	4.15	21.68	43.73
5	Delivery (indication)	ENCODE_E3AP_DONE to SEND_DONE	0.92	0.37	10.78	18.21
6	E3 wire (RAN -> dApp)	SEND_DONE to RECV	40.54	38.01	69.87	526.46
7	Decode E3AP (indication)	RECV to DECODE_E3AP_DONE	1.30	0.93	10.28	14.95
8	libe3 dispatch (indication)	DECODE_E3AP_DONE to DELIVER_BEGIN	0.13	0.07	0.27	21.81
9	Decode indication	DELIVER_BEGIN to DECODE_E3SM_DONE	0.30	0.25	0.58	13.52
10	Process data	DECODE_E3SM_DONE to ENCODE_E3SM_BEGIN	0.03	0.02	0.05	5.16
11	Create & encode control	ENCODE_E3SM_BEGIN to ENCODE_E3SM_DONE	0.21	0.18	0.42	13.32
12	Encode E3AP (control)	EMIT_ENTER to ENQUEUE, then DEQUEUE to ENCODE_E3AP_DONE	1.98	1.72	9.56	24.68
13	Queuing (control)	ENQUEUE to DEQUEUE	10.67	9.48	23.46	31.51
14	Delivery (control)	ENCODE_E3AP_DONE to SEND_DONE	5.50	3.87	17.75	24.79
15	E3 wire (dApp -> RAN)	SEND_DONE to RECV	36.96	36.18	61.56	191.52
16	Decode E3AP (control)	RECV to DECODE_E3AP_DONE	2.06	1.43	14.77	19.39
17	libe3 dispatch (control)	DECODE_E3AP_DONE to DECODE_E3SM_BEGIN	0.31	0.21	0.61	18.10
18	Decode & handle control	DECODE_E3SM_BEGIN to DECODE_E3SM_DONE	0.17	0.16	0.39	0.61
Total	Total round-trip		111.62	109.13	152.99	815.09

ubuntu-latest, Release build, ZMQ + IPC, ASN.1 APER.

These numbers are measured inside a GitHub Actions container and should be treated as an upper bound on E3AP's and the library's own latency, not a representative deployment measurement.

Ready to merge (fast-forward only)

A maintainer can land the reviewed commits with:

git fetch origin
git checkout main && git merge --ff-only 6d97ab44932d094916cb7083105b1a282609a808 && git push origin main

Head: 6d97ab44932d094916cb7083105b1a282609a808 (branch bench/encoding-wire-size). If --ff-only fails as non-fast-forward, the branch must be rebased on the latest main.

One comment per PR, rewritten in place once every workflow for 6d97ab4 finished.